/Users/andrea/_magisterarbeit/korpus/clean/trainkorpus/41/file_163c.html NN ----------------------------------------- : INESAP NP annual JJ report NN 1996 CD INESAP NN is VBZ a DT non JJ profit NN , , non JJ governmental JJ network NN organization NN with IN participants NNS from IN all DT over IN the DT world NN . SENT Participation NN extends VVZ to TO scientists NNS and CC engineers NNS from IN all DT disciplines NNS interested VVN in IN promoting VVG non JJ proliferation NN issues NNS . SENT INESAP NP is VBZ part NN of IN worldwide JJ activities NNS of IN INES NP . SENT The DT Interdisciplinary JJ Research NP Group NP in IN Science NP , , Technology NP and CC Security NP IANUS NP at IN the DT Technical NP University NP of IN Darmstadt NP , , Germany NP , , as IN a DT member NN organization NN of IN INES NP , , coordinates VVZ existing VVG activities NNS in IN the DT INESAP NP network NN with IN nodes NNS in IN different JJ countries NNS . SENT The DT main JJ objectives NNS of IN INESAP NP are VBP to TO promote VV nuclear JJ disarmament NN , , to TO tighten VV existing JJ arms NNS control NN and CC non JJ proliferation NN regimes NNS , , as RB well RB as IN to TO implement VV unconventional JJ approaches NNS to TO curbing VVG the DT proliferation NN of IN weapons NNS of IN mass JJ destruction NN and CC to TO controlling VVG the DT transfer NN of IN related JJ technology NN . SENT Breakthrough NN for IN Nuclear JJ Abolition NN The DT year NN 1996 CD brought VVD tremendous JJ progress NN in IN the DT political JJ efforts NNS to TO ban VV and CC eliminate VV nuclear JJ weapons NNS , , leading VVG to TO unprecedented JJ erosion NN of IN both CC the DT legitimacy NN of IN and CC the DT political JJ support NN for IN nuclear JJ weapons NNS . SENT The DT International NP Network NP of IN Engineers NPS and CC Scientists NNS Against IN Proliferation NN INESAP NP actively RB supported VVD the DT global JJ abolition NN wave NN , , which WDT emerged VVD during IN and CC after IN the DT 1995 CD NPT NP Review NP and CC Extension NP Conference NP . SENT One CD major JJ INESAP NP contribution NN was VBD the DT promotion NN of IN the DT concept NN of IN a DT Nuclear NP Weapons NNS Convention NP NWC NP similar JJ to TO the DT Biological JJ Weapons NNS Convention NP BWC NP and CC the DT Chemical NP Weapons NNS Convention NP CWC NP which WDT would MD ban VV and CC eliminate VV nuclear JJ weapons NNS . SENT The DT anti JJ nuclear JJ chain NN reaction NN in IN 1996 CD not RB only RB comprised VVN Non JJ Governmental JJ Organizations NP NGOs NNS but CC governments NNS as IN well RB , , creating VVG a DT window NN of IN opportunity NN for IN a DT nuclear JJ weapon NN free JJ world NN NWFW NP . SENT The DT major JJ development NN and CC events NNS in IN 1996 CD were VBD as RB follows VVZ . SENT By IN signing VVG the DT African JJ Nuclear NP Weapon NN Free NP Zone NP NWFZ NP Treaty NP of IN Pelindaba NP in IN April NP 1996 CD in IN Cairo NP , , 43 CD African NP States NPS declared VVD a DT whole JJ continent NN to TO be VB free JJ of IN nuclear JJ weapons NNS , , and CC added VVD the DT last JJ brick NN to TO make VV the DT Southern NP Hemisphere NP essentially RB nuclear JJ weapon NN free JJ . SENT The DT International NP Court NP of IN Justice NP ICJ NP , , in IN a DT historic JJ advisory JJ opinion NN on IN 8 CD July NP 1996 CD in IN The DT Hague NP , , stated VVN that IN the DT threat NN and CC use NN of IN nuclear JJ weapons NNS would MD generally RB be VB contrary JJ to TO the DT rules NNS of IN international JJ law NN applicable JJ in IN armed JJ conflict NN , , and CC particularly RB the DT principles NNS and CC rules NNS of IN humanitarian JJ law NN . SENT On IN 14 CD August NP 1996 CD , , the DT Canberra NP Commission NP for IN the DT Elimination NN of IN Nuclear JJ Weapons NNS , , initiated VVN by IN the DT Australian JJ government NN , , presented VVD its PP$ report NN , , analyzing VVG and CC recommending VVG steps NNS towards IN a DT NWFW NP , , including VVG US PP Russian JJ bilateral JJ agreements NNS , , a DT Comprehensive NP Test NP Ban NP Treaty NP CTBT NP , , a DT fissile JJ cut NN off IN convention NN , , a DT no RB first JJ use NN treaty NN , , and CC nuclear JJ weapon NN free JJ zones NNS . SENT In IN August NP , , the DT large JJ majority NN of IN the DT G NP 21 CD states NNS proposed VVD a DT phased VVN Programme NN of IN Action NP for IN the DT Elimination NN of IN Nuclear JJ Weapons NNS within IN a DT time NN bound VVN framework NN . SENT It PP contains VVZ very RB important JJ elements NNS that WDT should MD be VB seriously RB considered VVN . SENT In IN September NP , , after IN French JJ and CC Chinese JJ nuclear JJ testing NN had VHD been VBN ceased VVN , , the DT Conference NN on IN Disarmament NN in IN Geneva NP concluded VVD negotiations NNS on IN the DT CTBT NN , , which WDT bans VVZ all DT nuclear JJ explosions NNS , , although IN not RB all DT research NN and CC development NN for IN nuclear JJ weapons NNS . SENT On IN 5 CD December NP 1996 CD , , 60 CD military JJ leaders NNS from IN 17 CD countries NNS , , including VVG a DT large JJ number NN of IN former JJ generals NNS and CC admirals NNS from IN the DT USA NP and CC Russia NP , , published VVD a DT declaration NN in IN favor NN of IN the DT elimination NN of IN nuclear JJ weapons NNS . SENT On IN 10 CD December NP 1996 CD , , in IN a DT UN NP Resolution NP initiated VVD by IN Malaysia NP , , more JJR than IN two CD thirds NNS of IN the DT 169 CD voting NN states NNS called VVN for IN negotiations NNS on IN a DT Nuclear NP Weapons NNS Convention NN , , in IN fulfilment NN of IN the DT ICJ NP advisory JJ opinion NN . SENT Around IN such JJ major JJ events NNS , , INESAP NP has VHZ further RBR improved VVD its PP$ networking NN , , research NN , , and CC policy NN related JJ activities NNS , , which WDT it PP began VVD in IN 1993 CD . SENT From IN the DT beginning NN , , INESAP NP played VVD an DT initiating VVG and CC catalyzing VVG role NN in IN the DT nuclear JJ abolition NN movement NN . SENT In IN 1996 CD , , the DT following VVG INESAP NN activities NNS are VBP especially RB worth JJ mentioning VVG . SENT Of IN central JJ importance NN was VBD the DT 1996 CD INESAP NN Conference NN From IN Non JJ Proliferation NN towards IN a DT Nuclear NP Weapon NN Free NP World NP , , which WDT took VVD place NN 30 CD th NN May NP to TO 2 CD d SYM June NP 1996 CD in IN Gothenburg NP , , Sweden NP . SENT It PP was VBD organized VVN in IN cooperation NN with IN the DT Swedish NP FIMK NP Swedish JJ Scientist NN and CC Engineers NNS against IN Nuclear JJ Weapons NNS and CC the DT Interdisciplinary JJ Research NP Group NP in IN Science NP , , Technology NP and CC Security NP IANUS NP of IN the DT Technical NP University NP Darmstadt NP , , Germany NP . SENT The DT Swedish NP Foreign NP Ministry NP and CC the DT Swedish NP Research NP Council NP FRN NP granted VVD additional JJ funds NNS . SENT The DT conference NN was VBD a DT success NN in IN gathering VVG more JJR than IN 30 CD active JJ INESAP NP participants NNS and CC others NNS who WP wanted VVD to TO become VV involved VVN in IN the DT planning NN process NN and CC implementation NN of IN the DT next JJ years NNS activities NNS that WDT were VBD decided VVN at IN the DT conference NN . SENT The DT conference NN examined VVD and CC discussed VVD comprehensive JJ approaches NNS towards IN a DT NWFW NP that WDT could MD be VB accomplished VVN in IN a DT systematic JJ process NN . SENT Topics NNS discussed VVN during IN parallel JJ sessions NNS were VBD nuclear JJ disarmament NN , , halting VVG nuclear JJ weapons NNS development NN , , regional JJ approaches NNS to TO an DT NWFW NP , , cut VVD off RP and CC disposal NN of IN nuclear JJ weapons NNS usable JJ materials NNS , , nuclear JJ capable JJ delivery NN and CC missile NN defence NN . SENT Various JJ future JJ activities NNS and CC improvements NNS in IN INESAP's NP work NN were VBD discussed VVN and CC planned VVN , , including VVG working VVG groups NNS on IN the DT NWC NP , , fissile JJ materials NNS and CC missiles NNS . SENT a DT strengthening NN of IN regional JJ activities NNS and CC representation NN . SENT a DT formal JJ framework NN for IN participation NN , , membership NN and CC decision NN making NN . SENT formation NN of IN a DT new JJ INESAP NN Coordinating VVG Committee NP . SENT Plans NNS for IN a DT 1997 CD INESAP NP Conference NP in IN China NP were VBD made VVN , , to TO be VB hosted VVD by IN Prof NP . SENT Dingli NP Shen NP . SENT Through IN continuing VVG INESAP NN activities NNS in IN 1995 CD , , in IN particular JJ the DT INESAP NP Study NN Beyond IN the DT NPT NP A NP Nuclear NP Weapon NN Free NP World NP and CC an DT INESAP NP organized JJ seminar NN at IN the DT NPT NP Conference NP in IN New NP York NP , , INESAP NP actively RB worked VVD in IN the DT Abolition NN 2000 CD Network NN . SENT This DT was VBD founded VVN in IN November NP 1995 CD . SENT it PP consolidated VVD its PP$ work NN and CC increased VVD the DT number NN of IN member NN organizations NNS to TO more JJR than IN 700 CD . SENT INESAP NN representatives NNS also RB joined VVD meetings NNS related VVN to TO Abolition NN 2000 CD that WDT took VVD place NN at IN Edinburgh NP in IN February NP 1996 CD and CC during IN various JJ conferences NNS and CC other JJ occasions NNS . SENT INESAP NP took VVD a DT leading JJ role NN in IN initiating VVG and CC facilitating VVG the DT NWC NP Working NP Group NP of IN Abolition NN 2000 CD . SENT Out RB of IN this DT Working NP Group NP , , ideas NNS and CC activities NNS emerged VVD , , leading VVG towards IN the DT foundation NN of IN a DT NWC NP Drafting VVG Group NP and CC promoting VVG a DT UN NP Resolution NP linking VVG the DT World NP Court NP judgement NN with IN the DT NWC NP . SENT In IN 1996 CD drafting VVG of IN a DT Model NP NWC NP took VVD place NN in IN New NP York NP , , at IN three CD meetings NNS of IN the DT NWC NP Drafting VVG Committee NP , , consisting VVG of IN lawyers NNS , , scientists NNS , , disarmament NN experts NNS and CC activists NNS , , organized VVN by IN the DT Lawyers NP Committee NP on IN Nuclear NP Policy NP . SENT INESAP NP actively RB supported VVD this DT process NN by IN participation NN in IN the DT meetings NNS and CC providing VVG scientific JJ input NN , , e NN . SENT g NN . SENT by IN a DT meeting NN at IN the DT INESAP NP Conference NP in IN Sweden NP . SENT INESAP NN from IN the DT beginning NN was VBD a DT strong JJ supporter NN of IN the DT Malaysian JJ resolution NN , , e NN . SENT g NN . SENT by IN two CD related JJ statements NNS of IN the DT INESAP NN Coordinating VVG Committee NP and CC by IN promoting VVG it PP in IN the DT German JJ press NN and CC parliament NN . SENT Much RB of IN INESAP's NP scientific JJ and CC political JJ activities NNS in IN 1996 CD focused VVN on IN raising VVG attention NN to TO weaknesses NNS of IN a DT limited JJ test NN ban NN and CC providing VVG scientific JJ input NN to TO the DT CTBT NN negotiations NNS at IN the DT Conference NN on IN Disarmament NN . SENT A DT number NN of IN publications NNS was VBD produced VVN dealing VVG with IN CTBT NN circumvention NN technologies NNS . SENT Largely RB due JJ to TO the DT international JJ protest NN , , hydronuclear JJ tests NNS are VBP included VVN in IN the DT ban NN and CC subcritical JJ tests NNS , , announced VVN by IN the DT US NP government NN , , were VBD not RB conducted VVN in IN 1996 CD . SENT INESAP NP participants NNS made VVD proposals NNS to TO induce VV negotiations NNS on IN a DT Cut NP off RP for IN nuclear JJ weapons NNS usable JJ materials NNS , , e NN . SENT g NN . SENT by IN promoting VVG a DT Comprehensive NP Cut NP off IN Convention NP . SENT These DT activities NNS were VBD supported VVN by IN a DT research NN project NN on IN the DT Cut NP off RP at IN IANUS NP . SENT Together RB with IN the DT United NP Nations NPS Institute NP for IN Disarmament NN Research NP UNIDIR NP , , a DT large JJ project NN was VBD prepared VVN with IN the DT title NN Effective JJ international JJ control NN of IN nuclear JJ weapons NNS usable JJ materials NNS as IN a DT step NN towards IN a DT Nuclear NP Weapons NNS Free NP World NP . SENT The DT main JJ goal NN of IN this DT project NN is VBZ to TO establish VV a DT science NN policy NN interface NN to TO promote VV ideas NNS and CC concepts NNS for IN the DT elimination NN and CC safety NN control NN of IN all DT weapons NNS usable JJ nuclear JJ materials NNS . SENT Applications NNS for IN funding VVG this DT project NN were VBD submitted VVN to TO a DT number NN of IN foundations NNS and CC a DT core JJ group NN of IN liaisons NNS was VBD established VVN which WDT consists VVZ of IN 17 CD individuals NNS in IN 13 CD countries NNS . SENT On IN 19 CD 21 CD January NP 1996 CD , , INESAP NP organized VVD , , together RB with IN the DT German JJ Scientists NNS Initiative NP Responsibility NN for IN Peace NP and CC the DT Protestant JJ Academy NP M NP lheim NP , , a DT workshop NN on IN the DT future NN of IN nuclear JJ weapons NNS in IN Europe NP . SENT About IN 30 CD participants NNS attended VVD the DT workshop NN , , which WDT discussed VVD historical JJ aspects NNS of IN the DT atomic JJ bomb NN , , nuclear JJ strategy NN of IN the DT nuclear JJ powers NNS , , the DT status NN of IN nuclear JJ weapons NNS research NN and CC development NN , , Germany NP and CC nuclear JJ sharing NN , , and CC the DT future JJ role NN of IN European JJ nuclear JJ weapons NNS in IN NATO NP and CC WEU NP . SENT The DT workshop NN was VBD concluded VVN by IN a DT discussion NN among IN NGOs NNS from IN France NP , , Britain NP , , Switzerland NP , , Italy NP , , and CC Germany NP on IN a DT strategy NN for IN a DT Europe NP without IN nuclear JJ weapons NNS . SENT As IN part NN of IN networking NN activities NNS , , INESAP NP participants NNS joined VVD and CC sometimes RB initiated VVN debates NNS on IN various JJ issues NNS . SENT Round VV the DT 10 CD th NN anniversary NN of IN the DT Chernobyl NP nuclear JJ accident NN , , the DT future NN of IN nuclear JJ energy NN and CC its PP$ connection NN to TO non JJ proliferation NN was VBD discussed VVN from IN a DT range NN of IN perspectives NNS , , e NN . SENT g NN . SENT in IN the DT INESAP NP Bulletin NP , , at IN a DT nation NN wide JJ Chernobyl NP conference NN in IN Germany NP , , and CC at IN an DT international JJ workshop NN of IN the DT Argentinean JJ Physical NP Society NP , , organized VVN by IN Prof NP . SENT Luis NP Masperi NP . SENT During IN the DT INES NP Congress NP on IN Challenges NNS of IN Sustainable JJ Development NP in IN Amsterdam NP on IN August NP 22 CD 25 CD , , 1996 CD , , a DT working VVG group NN was VBD held VVN on IN Nuclear JJ weapons NNS abolition NN and CC nuclear JJ waste NN storage NN . SENT An DT INESAP NP Study NP Group NP on IN delivery NN systems NNS and CC missile NN defence NN was VBD under IN preparation NN in IN 1996 CD , , aimed VVN at IN assessing VVG the DT missile NN threat NN and CC possible JJ options NNS to TO respond VV to TO this DT threat NN from IN the DT perspective NN of IN various JJ countries NNS . SENT The DT INESAP NP e NN mail NN discussion NN list NN , , organized VVN by IN Johan NP Swahn NP , , continued VVD to TO be VB a DT source NN of IN relevant JJ information NN and CC exchange NN among IN participants NNS about IN political JJ events NNS , , opinions NNS , , and CC facts NNS . SENT INESAP NP also RB maintains VVZ a DT homepage NN on IN the DT World NP Wide NP Web NP , , which WDT includes VVZ some DT of IN INESAP NP s PP publications NNS and CC statements NNS . SENT Many JJ of IN the DT above RB mentioned VVN activities NNS have VHP been VBN explicitly RB linked VVN to TO the DT science NN policy NN interface NN , , e NN . SENT g NN . SENT aimed VVN at IN delegates NNS to TO the DT CTBT NN and CC Cut VV off RP negotiations NNS , , at IN decision NN makers NNS in IN national JJ parliaments NNS and CC governments NNS and CC at IN the DT press NN and CC public NN . SENT The DT INESAP NN Coordinating VVG Committee NP and CC INESAP NP participants NNS have VHP published VVN a DT number NN of IN political JJ statements NNS . SENT Wide JJ international JJ distribution NN was VBD given VVN to TO a DT statement NN of IN September NP 4 CD , , 1996 CD calling NN upon IN the DT General NP Assembly NP of IN the DT United NP Nations NPS to TO conclude VV the DT Comprehensive NP Test NP Ban NP Treaty NP and CC , , as IN an DT implementation NN of IN the DT Advisory NP Opinion NP of IN the DT International NP Court NP of IN Justice NP , , to TO support VV a DT resolution NN to TO begin VV immediate JJ negotiations NNS on IN a DT Nuclear NP Weapons NNS Convention NN which WDT would MD provide VV for IN nuclear JJ disarmament NN in IN all PDT its PP$ aspects NNS . SENT Other JJ statements NNS were VBD . SENT welcoming VVG the DT votes NNS on IN the DT NWC NP resolution NN in IN the DT UN NP First NP Committee NP November NP 14 CD and CC in IN the DT UN NP General NP Assembly NP UNGA NP , , Dec NP . SENT 12 CD , , a DT letter NN to TO the DT G NP 7 CD Summit NP , , and CC a DT letter NN to TO the DT Russian NP President NP to TO release VV Alexandr NP Nikitin NP . SENT Four CD issues NNS No RB . SENT 8 CD 11 CD of IN the DT quarterly JJ INESAP NP Information NP Bulletin NP were VBD published VVN and CC disseminated VVN to TO about IN 500 CD readers NNS , , especially RB during IN the DT above RB mentioned VVN events NNS . SENT As IN a DT major JJ source NN of IN information NN and CC exchange NN on IN science NN based VVN information NN and CC policy NN debates NNS on IN non JJ proliferation NN and CC disarmament NN among IN scientists NNS , , non JJ proliferation NN and CC disarmament NN experts NNS , , diplomats NNS and CC politicians NNS , , activists NNS and CC journalists NNS around IN the DT globe NN , , the DT INESAP NP Bulletin NP was VBD essential JJ in IN linking VVG all DT INESAP NP activities NNS . SENT By IN involving VVG authors NNS from IN a DT variety NN of IN organizations NNS , , it PP contributed VVD to TO building VVG a DT global JJ community NN of IN experts NNS and CC activists NNS in IN this DT field NN . SENT In IN terms NNS of IN quality NN and CC quantity NN , , layout NN and CC content NN , , the DT INESAP NP Bulletin NP has VHZ made VVN considerable JJ progress NN in IN 1996 CD , , despite IN technical JJ and CC financial JJ restrictions NNS . SENT The DT responses NNS from IN authors NNS and CC readers NNS to TO the DT Editor NP J NP rgen NP Scheffran NP were VBD very RB encouraging JJ and CC resulted VVN in IN a DT voluntary JJ financial JJ support NN by IN some DT . SENT Financial JJ support NN in IN 1996 CD came VVD from IN the DT John NP D NP . SENT and CC Catherine NP T NN . SENT MacArthur NP Foundation NP , , the DT Berghof NP Foundation NP , , the DT Swedish NP Research NP Foundation NP and CC public JJ funds NNS given VVN to TO IANUS NP , , where WRB the DT office NN and CC staff NN of IN INESAP NP is VBZ located VVN . SENT The DT office NN of IN the DT International NP Network NP of IN Engineers NPS and CC Scientists NNS for IN Global JJ Responsibility NN INES NP in IN Dortmund NP is VBZ supporting VVG the DT work NN of IN INESAP NP , , especially RB in IN respect NN to TO the DT Abolition NN 2000 CD Network NN . SENT The DT amount NN of IN funding NN related VVN to TO INESAP NP was VBD around RB 210 CD , , 000 CD in IN 1996 CD . SENT About IN 70 CD of IN this DT were VBD made VVN available JJ through IN IANUS NP . SENT However RB , , financial JJ prospects NNS for IN 1997 CD are VBP poor JJ and CC indicate VV a DT further JJR shrinking NN budget NN . SENT The DT reduced JJ funding NN by IN foundations NNS is VBZ an DT indicator NN of IN reduced JJ interest NN in IN supporting VVG non JJ proliferation NN , , disarmament NN , , and CC nuclear JJ issues NNS after IN the DT NPT NP Extension NP . SENT Martin NP Kalinowski NP , , IANUS NP c SYM o NN Institut NP f NN r NN Kernphysik NP , , Schlo NP gartenstr NP . SENT 9 CD , , 64289 CD Darmstadt NP , , Germany NP Tel NP . SENT . SENT 49 CD 6151 CD 163016 CD . SENT FAX NN . SENT 49 CD 6151 CD 166039 CD E NP Mail NP , , group NN . SENT IANUS NN hrzpub NN . SENT th NN darmstadt NP . SENT de NP , , private JJ . SENT kalinowski NP hrzpub NN . SENT th NN darmstadt NP . SENT de NP INTERNET NP . SENT www JJ . SENT th NN darmstadt NP . SENT de NP ze NP ianus NN welcome NN . SENT htm NP and NP . SENT . SENT . SENT inesap NN . SENT htm NN