/Users/andrea/_magisterarbeit/korpus/clean/trainkorpus/41/file17.html NN ----------------------------------------- : UP IN to TO Atomic JJ Bomb NN . SENT Decision NN UP RP to TO Leo NP Szilard NP Online JJ Trinity NP Test NP , , July NP 16 CD , , 1945 CD Radiation NN Monitoring NN Source NN . SENT U NP . SENT S NP . SENT National NP Archives NPS , , Record NP Group NP 77 CD , , Records NPS of IN the DT Office NN of IN the DT Chief NP of IN Engineers NPS , , Manhattan NP Engineer NN District NP , , TS NP Manhattan NP Project NP Files NP , , folder NN 4 CD , , Trinity NP Test NP . SENT The DT Trinity NP test NN , , on IN July NP 16 CD , , 1945 CD , , was VBD a DT spectacular JJ success NN . SENT A DT 6 CD kilogram NN sphere NN of IN plutonium NN , , compressed VVN to TO supercriticality NN by IN explosive JJ lenses NNS , , exploded VVD over IN the DT New NP Mexico NP desert NN with IN a DT force NN equal JJ to TO approximately RB 20 CD , , 000 CD tons NNS of IN TNT NP . SENT This DT report NN , , by IN Col NN . SENT Stafford NP Warren NP , , Chief NP of IN the DT Manhattan NP Project's NP Medical NP Section NP , , shows VVZ that IN the DT potential NN for IN radioactive JJ fallout NN from IN the DT test NN was VBD an DT important JJ concern NN . SENT Warren's NP report NN shows VVZ that DT fallout NN from IN the DT test NN exposed VVD a DT family NN living VVG 20 CD miles NNS from IN Ground NP Zero NP to TO dangerous JJ levels NNS of IN radiation NN . SENT By IN July NP 27 CD , , General NP Groves NP office NN diary NN shows VVZ , , the DT radiation NN monitors NNS became VVD so RB concerned JJ that IN they PP asked VVD permission NN to TO talk VV to TO the DT family NN to TO see VV how WRB they PP feel VVP . SENT TOP JJ SECRET NN By IN Authority NP of IN the DT District NP Engineer NN Per IN K NP D NP Nichols NP THIS DT DOCUMENT NN CONSISTS VVZ OF IN 3 CD PAGE NN S NP NO RB . SENT 1 CD OF IN 4 CD COPIES NNS , , SERIES NN A DT 21 CD July NP 1945 CD To TO . SENT Major NP Gen NP . SENT Groves NP SUBJECT NN . SENT Report NN on IN Test NP II NP at IN Trinity NP , , 16 CD July NP 1945 CD 1 CD . SENT The DT test NN was VBD performed VVN two CD days NNS ahead RB of IN the DT tentative JJ schedule NN because IN everything NN of IN importance NN to TO the DT test NN was VBD ready JJ . SENT 2 LS . SENT A DT study NN of IN the DT weather NN indicated VVD that IN a DT variety NN of IN wind NN conditions NNS at IN slow JJ speeds NNS going VVG on IN in IN general JJ N NP . SENT W NP . SENT and CC N NP . SENT E SYM . SENT could MD be VB expected VVN with IN different JJ directions NNS and CC speeds NNS at IN different JJ levels NNS for IN 16 CD and CC 17 CD July NP 1945 CD . SENT These DT slow JJ winds NNS would MD be VB advantageous JJ in IN localizing VVG the DT outfall NN of IN active JJ material NN from IN the DT cloud NN to TO the DT site NN and CC nearby JJ desert NN areas NNS . SENT They PP would MD also RB dilute VV the DT outfall NN most RBS effectively RB in IN the DT early JJ hours NNS of IN the DT life NN of IN the DT cloud NN when WRB it PP would MD help VV the DT most JJS . SENT The DT monitoring NN problem NN would MD be VB worse JJR , , however RB , , because IN of IN the DT wide JJ area NN covered VVN . SENT 3 LS . SENT In IN the DT two CD days NNS available JJ , , the DT population NN of IN the DT surrounding VVG areas NNS was VBD located VVN by IN G NP 2 CD on IN large JJ scale NN maps NNS for IN a DT radius NN of IN 75 CD to TO 100 CD miles NNS . SENT The DT deserted VVN areas NNS corresponded VVD fortunately RB to TO the DT most RBS probable JJ courses NNS of IN the DT outfall NN from IN the DT cloud NN as RB predicted VVD by IN the DT directions NNS of IN the DT winds NNS at IN the DT various JJ altitudes NNS . SENT Troops NNS under IN Major NP Palmer NP were VBD available JJ if IN monitoring NN indicated VVD that DT evacuation NN was VBD necessary JJ . SENT 4 LS . SENT At IN zero CD minus CC five CD hours NNS , , five CD cars NNS with IN Dr NP . SENT J NP . SENT Hoffman NP in IN charge NN were VBD stationed VVN with IN Major NP Palmer NP and CC troops NNS at IN the DT outlet NN road NN near IN the DT east JJ west NN highway NN 380 CD . SENT They PP were VBD in IN radio NN communication NN with IN Base NP Camp NP and CC Post NP 2 CD . SENT Outlying JJ monitor NN cars NNS were VBD in IN San NP Antonio NP , , Roswell NP , , Carrizozo NP and CC Fort NP Summer NPS to TO cover VV these DT areas NNS in IN case NN the DT speed NN of IN the DT cloud NN was VBD greater JJR than IN predicted VVN . SENT 5 LS . SENT Dr NP . SENT Aebersold NP was VBD in IN general JJ charge NN of IN the DT monitoring NN at IN Base NP Camp NP and CC the DT three CD shelters NNS at IN 10 CD , , 000 CD yards NNS , , with IN local JJ telephone NN and CC radio NN commumication NN . SENT There EX was VBD a DT technician NN monitor NN and CC doctor NN in IN each DT shelter NN and CC at IN Base NP Camp NP . SENT 6 CD . SENT Dr NP . SENT Hempelmann NP in IN charge NN of IN all PDT the DT monitoring NN program NN was VBD at IN S NP 10 CD , , 000 CD , , the DT center NN of IN communication NN and CC final JJ decisions NNS also RB Brig NP . SENT Gen NP . SENT Farrell NP , , Dr NP . SENT Oppenheimer NP , , Dr NP . SENT Bainbridge NP , , Mr NP . SENT Hubbard NP , , etc FW . SENT 7 CD . SENT This DT officer NN acted VVD as IN liaison NN in IN a DT secondary JJ communication NN center NN in IN Base NP Camp NP . SENT Lt NP . SENT Col NN . SENT Friedell NP was VBD located VVN with IN G NP 2 CD at IN Albuquerque NP as IN another DT communication NN center NN via IN long JJ distance NN for IN controlling VVG the DT field NN monitoring NN in IN case NN Base NP Camp NP communications NNS broke VVD down RP . SENT All DT groups NNS were VBD keyed VVN in IN by IN identical JJ maps NNS showing VVG preliminary JJ locations NNS of IN the DT monitors NNS , , their PP$ presumed JJ course NN , , the DT two CD possible JJ paths NNS of IN the DT cloud NN , , WNW NP and CC NNE NP depending VVG upon IN the DT altitude NN which WDT it PP reached VVD houses NNS and CC nearby JJ ranges NNS , , etc FW . SENT 8 CD . SENT Accessory JJ equipment NN and CC other JJ preparations NNS were VBD in IN keeping VVG with IN the DT preliminary JJ plans NNS submitted VVN in IN the DT preliminary JJ report NN . SENT 9 CD . SENT The DT shot NN was VBD fired VVN at IN 0530 CD on IN 16 CD July NP 1945 CD . SENT The DT energy NN developed VVN in IN the DT test NN was VBD several JJ times NNS greater JJR than IN that DT expected VVN by IN scientific JJ group NN . SENT The DT cloud NN column NN mass NN and CC top NN reached VVD a DT phenonenal JJ height NN , , variously RB estimated VVN as IN 50 CD , , 000 CD to TO 70 CD , , 000 CD feet NNS . SENT It PP remained VVD towering JJ over IN the DT northeast JJ corner NN of IN the DT site NN for IN several JJ hours NNS . SENT This DT was VBD sufficient JJ time NN for IN the DT majority NN of IN the DT largest JJS particles NNS to TO fall VV out RP . SENT Various JJ levels NNS were VBD seen VVN to TO move VV in IN different JJ directions NNS . SENT In IN general JJ the DT lower JJR one NN third NN drifted VVD eastward RB , , the DT middle JJ portion NN to TO the DT West JJ and CC northwest RB , , while IN the DT upper JJ third NN moved VVD northeast RB . SENT Many JJ small JJ sheets NNS of IN dust NN moved VVD independently RB at IN all DT levels NNS and CC large JJ sheets NNS remained VVD practically RB in IN situ NP . SENT By IN zero CD plus CC 2 CD hours NNS , , the DT main JJ masses NNS were VBD no RB longer RBR identifiable JJ except IN for IN the DT very RB high JJ white JJ mass NN presumably RB in IN the DT stratosphere NN . SENT 10 CD . SENT By IN 0800 CD hours NNS the DT monitors NNS reported VVD an DT area NN of IN high JJ intensity NN in IN a DT canyon NN 20 CD miles NNS northeast RB of IN zero CD . SENT Since IN this DT was VBD beyond IN the DT tolerance NN set NN and CC equally RB high JJ intensities NNS were VBD expected VVN in IN other JJ areas NNS , , four CD more JJR monitor NN cars NNS were VBD sent VVN into IN this DT northeast JJ area NN from IN Base NP Camp NP . SENT The DT roving VVG monitors NNS in IN this DT area NN were VBD each DT accompanied VVN by IN a DT trooper NN in IN a DT 4 CD wheel NN drive NN and CC authorized VVD to TO evacuate VV families NNS if IN necessary JJ . SENT At IN no DT house NN in IN this DT whole JJ north NN and CC northeast JJ area NN between IN 20 CD miles NNS and CC 40 CD miles NNS from IN zero CD was VBD a DT dangerous JJ intensity NN found VVD . SENT The DT highest JJS intensities NNS , , fortunately RB , , were VBD only RB found VVN in IN deserted VVN regions NNS . SENT The DT highest RB found VVN is VBZ shown VVN in IN detail NN attached VVD 1 CD . SENT Intensities NNS in IN the DT deserted VVN canyon NN were VBD high JJ enough RB to TO cause VV serious JJ physiological JJ effects NNS . SENT 11 CD . SENT The DT distribution NN over IN the DT countryside NN was VBD spotty JJ and CC subject JJ to TO local JJ winds NNS and CC contour NN . SENT It PP skipped VVD the DT nearby JJ highway NN 380 CD 20 CD mi NN . SENT N NP . SENT E SYM . SENT except IN for IN low JJ intensities NNS which WDT were VBD equalled VVD at IN twice RB and CC three CD times NNS the DT distance NN . SENT It PP is VBZ presumed VVN that IN the DT largest JJS outfall NN occurred VVD in IN the DT N NP . SENT E SYM . SENT quadrant NN of IN the DT site NN . SENT This DT can MD only RB be VB explored VVN by IN horseback NN at IN a DT later JJR date NN . SENT 12 CD . SENT The DT monitors NNS all RB took VVD considerable JJ risks NNS knowingly RB and CC many JJ have VHP received VVN exposures NNS of IN considerable JJ amounts NNS , , i NP . SENT e SYM . SENT 8 CD r NN total NN . SENT This DT is VBZ safe JJ within IN a DT considerable JJ margin NN . SENT They PP should MD not RB be VB exposed VVN to TO more JJR radiation NN within IN the DT next JJ month NN . SENT 13 CD . SENT The DT dust NN could MD be VB measured VVN at IN low JJ intensities NNS 200 CD miles NNS north RB and CC northeast RB of IN the DT site NN on IN the DT 4 CD th NN day NN . SENT Attached VVN 2 CD There RB is VBZ still RB a DT tremendous JJ quantity NN of IN radioactive JJ dust NN floating VVG in IN the DT air NN . SENT 14 CD . SENT Neither CC the DT Base NP Camp NP or CC the DT shelters NNS were VBD contaminated VVN very RB much RB . SENT 15 CD . SENT Partially RB eviscerated VVN dead JJ wild JJ jack NN rabbits NNS were VBD found VVN more JJR than IN 800 CD yards NNS from IN zero CD , , presumably RB killed VVN by IN the DT blast NN . SENT A DT farm NN house NN 3 CD miles NNS away RB had VHD doors NNS torn VVN loose RB and CC suffered VVD other JJ extensive JJ damage NN . SENT 16 CD . SENT Details NNS indicating VVG blast NN , , heat NN , , and CC other JJ effects NNS cannot NN be VB worked VVN out RP until IN the DT area NN around IN the DT crater NN cools VVZ down RP . SENT It PP is VBZ this DT officer's JJ opinion NN , , however RB , , that IN lethal JJ or CC severe JJ casualties NNS would MD occur VV in IN exposed VVN personnel NNS up RB to TO two CD miles NNS from IN a DT variety NN or CC combination NN of IN causes NNS , , ie NP . SENT , , blast NN , , heat NN , , ultraviolet NN and CC missiles NNS . SENT The DT light JJ intensity NN was VBD sufficient JJ at IN nine CD miles NNS to TO have VH caused VVN temporary JJ blindness NN and CC this DT would MD be VB longer RBR lasting JJ at IN shorter JJR distances NNS . SENT Several JJ observers NNS at IN 20 CD miles NNS wsere NN bothered VVN by IN a DT large JJ blind JJ spot NN for IN 15 CD m NN after IN the DT shot NN . SENT The DT light NN together RB with IN the DT heat NN and CC ultraviolet NN radiation NN would MD probably RB cause VV severe JJ damage NN to TO the DT unprotected JJ eyes NNS at IN 5 CD 6 CD miles NNS . SENT damage NN sufficient JJ to TO put VV personnel NNS out RP of IN action NN several JJ days NNS if IN not RB permanently RB . SENT All DT of IN the DT personnel NNS obeyed VVD the DT safety NN precautions NNS during IN the DT test NN so RB that IN no DT such JJ injury NN resulted VVD . SENT 17 CD . SENT A DT great JJ deal NN of IN experience NN was VBD obtained VVN on IN the DT requirements NNS for IN quick JJ and CC adequate JJ monitoring NN . SENT Excellent JJ radio NN communications NNS , , good JJ transportation NN and CC better JJR and CC more JJR rugged JJ meters NNS are VBP required VVN . SENT 18 CD . SENT It PP is VBZ this DT officer's JJ opinion NN based VVN on IN the DT damage NN to TO Jumbo JJ 2400 CD ft NP , , the DT extent NN of IN the DT glazed VVN sand NN area NN up RB to TO 500 CD ft NP . SENT , , the DT extent NN of IN the DT cleaned VVN off IN area NN about IN 1 CD mile NN , , the DT farm NN house NN at IN 3 CD miles NNS that IN this DT explosion NN was VBD a DT great JJ many JJ times NNS more RBR violent JJ than IN the DT 100 CD ton NN test NN . SENT Conservative JJ estimates NNS by IN the DT scientific JJ groups NNS put VVD it PP at IN least JJS equivalent NN to TO 10 CD , , 000 CD tons NNS of IN T NN . SENT N NP . SENT T NN . SENT 19 CD . SENT While IN no DT house NN area NN investigated VVN received VVD a DT dangerous JJ amount NN , , ie NP , , no DT more JJR than IN an DT accumulated VVN two CD weeks NNS dose NN of IN 60 CD r NN , , the DT dust NN outfall NN from IN the DT various JJ portions NNS of IN the DT cloud NN was VBD potentially RB a DT very RB serious JJ hazard NN over IN a DT band NN almost RB 30 CD miles NNS wide RB extending VVG almost RB 90 CD miles NNS northeast RB of IN the DT site NN . SENT 20 CD . SENT It PP is VBZ this DT officer's JJ opinion NN that IN this DT site NN is VBZ too RB small JJ for IN a DT repetition NN of IN a DT similar JJ test NN of IN this DT magnitude NN except IN under IN very RB special JJ conditions NNS . SENT It PP is VBZ recommended VVN that IN the DT site NN be VB expanded VVN or CC a DT larger JJR one NN , , preferably RB with IN a DT radius NN of IN at IN least JJS 150 CD miles NNS without IN population NN , , be VB obtained VVN if IN this DT test NN is VBZ to TO be VB repeated VVN . SENT Colonel NP Stafford NP L NP . SENT Warren NP Chief NP of IN Medical NP Section NP Manhattan NP District NP SLW NP fp NN cc NN Maj NN . SENT Gen NP Groves NP 2 CD R NN . SENT Oppenheimer NP 1 CD Col NN . SENT Warren NP 1 CD The DT two CD attachments NNS , , diagrams NNS of IN radiation NN hot JJ spots NNS 20 CD miles NNS from IN ground NN zero NN , , are VBP not RB reproduced VVD here RB . SENT The DT diagrams NNS show VVP radiation NN levels NNS on IN U NP . SENT S NP . SENT Highway NP 380 CD , , 20 CD miles NNS NE RB of IN ground NN zero CD , , as IN Intensity NN approximately RB 50 CD r NN total NN for IN 10 CD miles NNS along IN this DT highway NN . SENT The DT second JJ attachment NN is VBZ titled VVN Location NP of IN Hot NP Canyon NP 20 CD miles NNS from IN zero CD along IN N NP . SENT E SYM . SENT path NN of IN cloud NN . SENT The DT canyon NN was VBD 5 CD miles NNS east JJ of IN Bingham NP . SENT This DT is VBZ the DT description NN of IN radiation NN levels NNS . SENT Hot JJ Canyon NP 1 CD . SENT 1 CD miles NNS east JJ of IN road NN junction NN 15 CD . SENT 0 CD r SYM hr NP at IN 0300 CD hours NNS after IN zero CD 14 CD . SENT 0 CD r SYM hr NP at IN 0330 CD hours NNS total JJ dose NN 212 CD 6 CD . SENT 0 CD r SYM hr NP at IN 0830 CD hours NNS to TO 230 CD r NN 0 CD . SENT 6 CD r NN . SENT hr NP at IN 3600 CD hours NNS after IN rain NN One CD mile NN east JJ of IN the DT canyon NN , , the DT diagram NN notes VVZ the DT location NN of IN a DT house NN with IN family NN with IN 1 CD child NN , , with IN radiation NN dose NN described VVD as RB follows VVZ . SENT House NN with IN family NN 0 CD . SENT 9 CD miles NNS beyond IN Hot NP Canyon NP 0 CD . SENT 4 CD r SYM hr NP at IN 3600 CD hours NNS after IN zero CD after IN a DT rain NN Accumulated VVN total JJ dose NN 57 CD 60 CD r NN . SENT By IN July NP 27 CD , , the DT radiation NN monitors NNS had VHD become VVN so RB concerned JJ about IN the DT radiation NN exposure NN of IN this DT family NN that IN they PP asked VVD permission NN to TO visit VV them PP to TO see VV how WRB they PP feel VVP . SENT The DT office NN diary NN of IN General NP Groves NP , , which WDT was VBD kept VVN by IN his PP$ secretary NN , , includes VVZ this DT entry NN for IN Friday NP , , 27 CD July NP 1945 CD emphasis NN added VVN . SENT 4 LS . SENT 15 CD PM NP . SENT General NP Groves NP called VVD Col NN Warren NP re IN Friedell NP making VVG measurements NNS on IN certain JJ family NN out IN there RB . SENT Gen NP Groves NP suggested VVD that DT Col NN Warren NP call NN Davies NP in IN New NP York NP and CC get VV the DT matter NN straightened VVD out RP because IN there EX seems VVZ to TO be VB a DT difference NN in IN stories NNS between IN Daley NP , , Hempelmann NP and CC Davies NP . SENT Gen NP Groves NP also RB asked VVD Col NN Warren NP to TO tell VV Davies NP that IN he PP was VBD released VVN as RB far RB as IN the DT General NP was VBD concerned VVN . SENT Lt NP . SENT Davies NP from IN MSA NP , , N NP . SENT Y NP . SENT called VVN Gen NP Groves NP and CC advised VVD Gen NP Groves NP that IN Lt NP . SENT Daley NP called VVD him PP and CC informed VVD him PP that IN Friedell's NP boys NNS had VHD made VVN some DT further JJR observations NNS and CC are VBP concerned VVN about IN one CD family NN to TO the DT extent NN that IN they PP want VVP to TO get VV in IN touch NN with IN that DT family NN to TO see VV how WRB they PP feel VVP . SENT They PP called VVD me PP to TO ask VV about IN the DT legal JJ end NN told VVD them PP there EX was VBD nothing NN I PP could MD do VV about IN it PP . SENT Told VVD them PP to TO confer VV with IN Col NN Warren NP and CC you PP . SENT I PP am VBP sure JJ nothing NN has VHZ been VBN done VVN yet RB . SENT The DT call NN came VVD in IN a DT few JJ minutes NNS ago RB and CC thought VVD I PP would MD relay VV the DT message NN to TO you PP . SENT Davies NP advised VVD the DT General NP that IN he PP would MD be VB at IN Maj NP Tandy's NP office NN at IN MBA NP and CC will MD stay VV there RB until IN Gen NP Groves NP calls VVZ releasing VVG him PP . SENT Source NN . SENT U NP . SENT S NP . SENT National NP Archives NPS , , Record NP Group NP 200 CD , , National NP Archives NPS Gift NP Collection NN , , Diary NN of IN Lt NP . SENT Gen NP . SENT Leslie NP R NP . SENT Groves NP , , Microfilm NN roll NN 2 CD . SENT This DT incident NN was VBD mentioned VVN briefly RB in IN a DT government NN sponsored VVD historical JJ study NN published VVN in IN 1987 CD . SENT See VV Bart NP Hacker NP , , The DT Dragon's NP Tail NP . SENT Radiation NN Safety NN in IN the DT Manhattan NP Project NP 1942 CD 1946 CD Berkeley NP . SENT University NP of IN California NP Press NP , , 1987 CD pp NP 104 CD 105 CD . SENT According VVG to TO this DT source NN , , the DT family NN was VBD named VVN Raitliff NP . SENT another DT house NN was VBD discovered VVN nearby RB with IN a DT couple NN named VVN Wilson NP . SENT Copyright NP Notice NP . SENT The DT originals NNS of IN these DT documents NNS are VBP believed VVN to TO be VB in IN the DT public JJ domain NN . SENT Their PP$ transcription NN and CC formatting VVG as IN an DT e NN text NN , , however RB , , is VBZ copyright JJ 1995 CD 1998 CD by IN Gene NP Dannen NP gene NN dannen NN . SENT com NN . SENT UP RB to TO Atomic JJ Bomb NN . SENT Decision NN UP RP to TO Leo NP Szilard NP Online JJ URL NN . SENT http NN . SENT www JJ . SENT dannen NP . SENT com NN decision NN trin NN rad NN . SENT html NP Gene NP Dannen NP gene NN dannen NN . SENT com NN