/Users/andrea/_magisterarbeit/korpus/clean/trainkorpus/22/file12.html NN ----------------------------------------- : The DT New NP York NP Times NP , , June NP 19 CD , , 1996 CD , , p NN . SENT B NP 7 CD . SENT Thomas NP Kuhn NP , , 73 CD . SENT Devised VVN Science NN Paradigm NN Obituary NN By IN Lawrence NP Van NP Gelder NN Thomas NP S NP . SENT Kuhn NP , , whose WP$ theory NN of IN sclentific JJ revolution NN became VVD a DT profoundly RB influential JJ landmark NN of IN 20 CD th NN century NN intellectual JJ history NN , , died VVN on IN Monday NP at IN his PP$ home NN in IN Cambridge NP , , Mass NP . SENT He PP was VBD 73 CD . SENT Robert NP Dilorio NP , , associate NN director NN of IN the DT news NN office NN at IN the DT Massachusetts NP Institute NP of IN Technology NP , , said VVD the DT scholar NN , , who WP held VVD the DT title NN of IN professor NN emeritus NN at IN M NP . SENT I PP . SENT T NN . SENT , , had VHD been VBN ill JJ with IN cancer NN in IN recent JJ years NNS . SENT The DT Structure NN of IN Scientific NP RevoIutions NP , , was VBD conceived VVN while IN Protessor NP Kuhn NP was VBD a DT graduate JJ student NN in IN theoretical JJ physics NNS and CC published VVN as IN a DT monograph NN in IN the DT International NP Encyclopedia NN of IN Unified JJ Science NN before IN the DT University NP of IN Chicago NP Press NP issued VVD it PP as IN a DT 180 CD page NN book NN in IN 1962 CD . SENT The DT work NN punctured VVD the DT widely RB held VVN notion NN that IN scientific JJ change NN was VBD a DT strictly RB rational JJ process NN . SENT Professor's NP Kuhn's NP treatise NN influenced VVD not RB only JJ scientists NNS but CC also RB economists NNS , , historians NNS , , sociologists NNS and CC philosophers NNS , , touching VVG off RP considerable JJ debate NN . SENT It PP has VHZ sold VVN about IN one CD million CD copies NNS in IN 16 CD languages NNS and CC remains VVZ required VVN reading NN in IN many JJ basic JJ courses NNS in IN the DT history NN and CC philosophy NN of IN science NN . SENT Dr NP . SENT Kuhn NP , , a DT professor NN of IN philosophy NN and CC history NN of IN science NN at IN M NP . SENT I PP . SENT T NN . SENT from IN 1979 CD to TO 1983 CD and CC the DT Laurence NP S NP . SENT Rockefeller NP Professor NP of IN Philosophy NN there RB from IN 1983 CD until IN 1991 CD , , was VBD the DT author NN or CC co NP author NN of IN five CD books NNS and CC scores NNS of IN articles NNS on IN the DT philosophy NN and CC history NN of IN science NN . SENT But CC Dr NP . SENT Kuhn NP remained VVD best JJS known VVN for IN The DT Structure NN of IN Scientific JJ Revolutions NNS . SENT His PP$ thesis NN was VBD that DT science NN was VBD not RB a DT steady JJ , , cumulative JJ acquisition NN of IN knowledge NN . SENT Instead RB , , he PP wrote VVD , , it PP is VBZ a DT series NN of IN peaceful JJ interludes NNS punctuated VVN by IN intellectually RB violent JJ revolutions NNS . SENT And CC in IN those DT revolutions NNS , , he PP wrote VVD , , one CD conceptual JJ world NN view NN is VBZ replaced VVN by IN another DT . SENT Thus RB , , Einstein's NP theory NN of IN relativity NN could MD challenge VV Newton's NP concepts NNS of IN physics NN . SENT Lavoisier's NP discovery NN of IN oxygen NN could MD sweep VV away RP earlier JJR ideas NNS about IN phlogiston NN , , the DT imaginary JJ element NN believed VVD to TO cause VV combustion NN . SENT Galileo's NP supposed VVD experiments NNS with IN wood NN and CC lead NN balls NNS dropped VVD from IN the DT Leaning VVG Tower NP of IN Pisa NP could MD banish VV the DT Aristotelian JJ theory NN that IN bodies NNS fell VVD at IN a DT speed NN proportional JJ to TO their PP$ weight NN . SENT And CC Darwin's NP theory NN of IN natural JJ selection NN could MD overthrow VV theories NNS of IN a DT world NN governed VVN by IN design NN . SENT Professor NP Kuhn NP argued VVD in IN the DT book NN that IN the DT typical JJ scientist NN was VBD not RB an DT objective NN , , free JJ thinker NN and CC skeptic NN . SENT Rather RB , , he PP was VBD a DT somewhat RB conservative JJ individual NN who WP accepted VVD what WP he PP was VBD taught VVN and CC appiied VVN his PP$ knowledge NN to TO solving VVG the DT problems NNS that WDT came VVD before IN him PP . SENT In IN so RB doing VVG , , Professor NP Kuhn NP maintained VVD , , these DT scientists NNS accepted VVD a DT paradigm NN , , an DT archetypal JJ solution NN to TO a DT problem NN , , like IN Ptolemy's NP theory NN that IN the DT Sun NP revolves VVZ around IN the DT Earth NN . SENT Generally RB conservative JJ , , scientists NNS would MD tend VV to TO solve VV problems NNS in IN ways NNS that WDT extended VVD the DT scope NN of IN the DT paradigm NN . SENT In IN such JJ periods NNS , , he PP maintained VVD , , scientists NNS tend VVP to TO resist VV research NN that WDT might MD signal VV the DT development NN of IN a DT new JJ paradigm NN , , like IN the DT work NN of IN the DT astronomer NN Aristarchus NP , , who WP theorized VVD in IN the DT third JJ century NN B NN . SENT C LS . SENT that IN the DT planets NNS revolve VV around IN the DT Sun NP . SENT But CC , , Professor NP Kuhn NP said VVD , , situations NNS arose VVD that IN the DT paradigm NN could MD not RB account VV for IN or CC that IN contradicted VVN it PP . SENT And CC then RB , , he PP said VVD , , a DT revolutionary NN would MD appear VV , , a DT Lavoisier NP or CC an DT Einstein NP , , often RB a DT young JJ scientist NN not RB indoctrinated VVN in IN the DT accepted VVN theories NNS , , and CC sweep VV the DT old JJ paradigm NN away RB . SENT These DT revolutions NNS , , he PP said VVD , , came VVD only RB after IN long JJ periods NNS of IN tradition NN bound VVN normal JJ science NN . SENT Frameworks NNS must MD be VB lived VVN with IN and CC explored VVD before IN they PP can MD be VB broken VVN , , Professor NP Kuhn NP said VVD . SENT The DT new JJ paradigm NN cannot NN build VV on IN the DT one NN that WDT precedes VVZ it PP , , he PP maintained VVD . SENT It PP can MD only RB supplant VV it PP . SENT The DT two CD , , he PP said VVD , , were VBD incommensurable JJ . SENT Some DT critics NNS said VVD Professor NP Kuhn NP was VBD arguing VVG that DT scieace NN was VBD little RB more JJR than IN mob NN rule NN . SENT He PP replied VVD , , Look VV , , I PP think VVP that's JJ nonsense NN , , and CC I'm NP prepared VVD to TO argue VV that IN . SENT The DT word NN paradigm NN appeared VVD so RB frequently RB in IN Professor's NP Kuhn's NP Structures NNS and CC with IN so RB many JJ possible JJ meanings NNS prompting VVG debate NN that IN he PP was VBD credited VVN with IN popularizing VVG the DT word NN and CC inspiring JJ a DT 1974 CD cartoon NN in IN The DT New NP Yorker NP . SENT In IN . SENT it PP , , a DT woman NN tells VVZ a DT man NN . SENT Dynamite NN , , Mr NP . SENT Gerston NP . SENT You're NP the DT first JJ person NN I PP ever RB heard VVD use NN paradigm NN in IN real JJ life NN . SENT Professor NP Kuhn NP traced VVD the DT origin NN of IN his PP$ thesis NN to TO a DT moment NN in IN 1947 CD when WRB he PP was VBD working VVG toward IN a DT doctorate NN in IN physics NNS at IN Harvard NP . SENT James NP B NP . SENT Conant NP , , the DT chemist NN who WP was VBD the DT president NN of IN the DT university NN , , had VHD asked VVN him PP to TO teach VV a DT class NN in IN science NN for IN undergraduates NNS majoring VVG in IN the DT humanities NNS . SENT The DT focus NN was VBD to TO be VB historical JJ case NN studies NNS . SENT Until IN then RB , , Professor NP Kuhn NP said VVD later RBR , , I'd NP never RB read VVD an DT old JJ document NN in IN science NN . SENT As IN he PP looked VVD through IN Aristotle's NP Physics NNS and CC realized VVN how WRB astonishingly RB unlike IN Newton's NP were VBD its PP$ concepts NNS of IN motion NN and CC matter NN , , he PP concluded VVD that IN Aristotle's NP physics NNS were VBD not RB bad JJ Newton NP but CC simply RB different JJ . SENT Professor NP Kuhn NP received VVD a DT doctorate NN in IN physics NN , , but CC not RB long RB afterward RB he PP switched VVD to TO the DT history NN of IN science NN exploring VVG the DT mechanisms NNS that WDT lead VVP to TO scientific JJ change NN . SENT I PP sweated VVN blood NN and CC blood NN and CC blood NN , , and CC finally RB I PP had VHD a DT breakthrough NN , , he PP said VVD . SENT Thomas NP Samuel NP Kuhn NP , , the DT son NN of IN Samuel NP L NP . SENT Kuhn NP , , an DT industrial JJ engineer NN , , and CC the DT former JJ Annette NP Stroock NP , , was VBD born VVN on IN July NP 18 CD , , 1922 CD , , in IN Cincinnati NP . SENT In IN 1943 CD , , he PP graduated VVD summa NN cum IN laude NP from IN Harvard NP with IN a DT bachelor's NNS degree NN in IN physics NN . SENT During IN World NP War NP II NP , , he PP served VVD as IN a DT civilian JJ employee NN at IN Harvard NP and CC in IN Europe NP with IN the DT Office NP of IN Scientific NP Research NP and CC Development NP . SENT He PP received VVD master's NNS and CC doctoral JJ degrees NNS in IN physics NNS from IN Harvard NP in IN 1946 CD and CC 1949 CD . SENT From IN 1948 CD to TO 1956 CD , , he PP held VVD various JJ posts NNS at IN Harvard NP , , rising VVG to TO an DT assistant JJ professorship NN in IN general JJ education NN and CC the DT history NN of IN science NN . SENT He PP then RB joined VVD the DT faculty NN of IN the DT University NP of IN California NP at IN Berkeley NP , , where WRB he PP was VBD named VVN a DT professor NN of IN history NN of IN science NN in IN 1961 CD . SENT In IN 1964 CD , , he PP joined VVD the DT faculty NN at IN Princeton NP , , where WRB he PP was VBD the DT M NP . SENT Taylor NP Pyne NP Professor NP of IN Philosophy NN and CC History NN of IN Science NP until IN 1979 CD , , when WRB he PP joined VVD the DT faculty NN of IN M NP . SENT I PP . SENT T NN . SENT Professor NP Kuhn NP was VBD a DT Guggenheim NP Fellow NP in IN 1954 CD 55 CD , , the DT winner NN of IN the DT George NP Sarton NP Medal NP in IN the DT History NN of IN Science NP in IN 1982 CD , , and CC the DT holder NN of IN honorary JJ degrees NNS from IN many JJ institutions NNS , , among IN them PP the DT University NP of IN Notre NP Dame NP , , Columbia NP University NP , , the DT University NP of IN Chicago NP the DT University NP of IN Padua NP and CC the DT University NP of IN Athens NP . SENT He PP is VBZ survived VVN by IN his PP$ wife NN , , Jehane NP and CC three CD children NNS , , Sarah NP Kuhn NP of IN Framingham NP , , Mass NP . SENT , , Elizabeth NP Kuhn NP of IN Los NP Angeles NP and CC Nathaniel NP Kuhn NP of IN Arlington NP , , Mass NP . SENT