/Users/andrea/_magisterarbeit/korpus/clean/trainkorpus/22/file2.html NN ----------------------------------------- : Bernard NP Shaw NP . SENT a DT Brief NP Biography NN Bernard NP Shaw NP . SENT a DT Brief NP Biography NN Cary NP M NP . SENT Mazer NP , , University NP of IN Pennsylvania NP Guest NP Dramaturg NP G NP . SENT Bernard NP Shaw NP he PP hated VVN the DT George NP and CC never RB used VVN it PP , , either CC personally RB or CC professionally RB was VBD born VVN in IN 1856 CD in IN Dublin NP , , in IN a DT lower JJR middle JJ class NN family NN of IN Scottish JJ Protestant JJ ancestry NN . SENT His PP$ father NN was VBD a DT failed JJ corn NN merchant NN , , with IN a DT drinking NN problem NN and CC a DT squint VV which WDT Oscar NP Wilde's NP father NN , , a DT leading JJ Dublin NP surgeon NN , , tried VVD unsuccessfully RB to TO correct VV . SENT his PP$ mother NN was VBD a DT professional JJ singer NN , , the DT sole JJ disciple NN of IN Vandeleur NP Lee NP , , a DT voice NN teacher NN claiming VVG to TO have VH a DT unique JJ and CC original JJ approach NN to TO singing NN . SENT When WRB Shaw NP was VBD just RB short JJ of IN his PP$ sixteenth JJ birthday NN , , his PP$ mother NN left VVD her PP$ husband NN and CC son NN and CC moved VVD with IN Vandeleur NP Lee NP to TO London NP , , where WRB the DT two CD set NN up IN a DT household NN , , along RB with IN Shaw's NPS older JJR sister JJ Lucy NP who WP later JJR became VVD a DT successful JJ music NN hall NN singer NN . SENT Shaw NP remained VVD in IN Dublin NP with IN his PP$ father NN , , completing VVG his PP$ schooling NN which WDT he PP hated VVN passionately RB , , and CC working VVG as IN a DT clerk NN for IN an DT estate NN office NN which WDT he PP hated VVN just RB as RB much JJ as IN school NN . SENT It PP may MD not RB be VB a DT accidental NN , , then RB , , that DT Shaw's NP plays VVZ , , including VVG Misalliance NN , , are VBP filled VVN with IN problematic JJ parent NN child NN relationships NNS . SENT with IN children NNS who WP are VBP brought VVN up RP in IN isolation NN from IN their PP$ parents NNS . SENT with IN foundlings NNS , , orphans NNS , , and CC adopted VVN heirs NNS . SENT and CC with IN parents NNS who WP wrongly RB presume VV that IN they PP are VBP entitled VVN to TO their PP$ children's NNS obedience NN and CC affection NN . SENT In IN 1876 CD , , Shaw NP left VVD Dublin NP and CC his PP$ father NN and CC moved VVD to TO London NP , , moving VVG in IN with IN his PP$ mother's JJ menage NN . SENT There RB he PP lived VVD off RP of IN his PP$ mother NN and CC sister NN while IN pursuing VVG a DT career NN in IN journalism NN and CC writing NN . SENT The DT first JJ medium NN he PP tried VVD as IN a DT creative JJ writer NN was VBD prose NN , , completing VVG five CD novels NNS the DT first JJ one NN appropriately RB titled VVN Immaturity NN before IN any DT of IN them PP were VBD published VVN . SENT He PP read VVP voraciously RB , , in IN public JJ libraries NNS and CC in IN the DT British JJ Museum NP reading NN room NN . SENT And CC he PP became VVD involved VVN in IN progressive JJ politics NNS . SENT Standing VVG on IN soapboxes NNS , , at IN Speaker's NP Corner NP in IN Hyde NP Park NP and CC at IN socialist JJ rallies NNS , , he PP learned VVD to TO overcome VV his PP$ stagefright NN and CC his PP$ stammer NN . SENT And CC , , to TO hold VV the DT attention NN of IN the DT crowd NN , , he PP developed VVD an DT energetic JJ and CC aggressive JJ speaking VVG style NN that WDT is VBZ evident JJ in IN all DT of IN his PP$ writing NN . SENT With IN Beatrice NP and CC Sidney NP Webb NP , , Shaw NP founded VVD the DT Fabian NP Society NP , , a DT socialist JJ political JJ organization NN dedicated VVN to TO transforming VVG Britain NP into IN a DT socialist JJ state NN , , not RB by IN revolution NN but CC by IN systematic JJ progressive JJ legislation NN , , bolstered VVN by IN persuasion NN and CC mass NN education NN . SENT The DT Fabian NP society NN would MD later RBR be VB instrumental JJ in IN founding VVG the DT London NP School NP of IN Economics NP and CC the DT Labour NN Party NN . SENT Shaw NP lectured VVD for IN the DT Fabian NP Society NP , , and CC wrote VVD pamphlets NNS on IN the DT progressive JJ arts NNS , , including VVG The DT Perfect NP Wagnerite NP , , an DT interpretation NN of IN Richard NP Wagner's NP Ring NP cycle NN , , and CC The DT Quintessence NN of IN Ibsenism NN , , based VVN on IN a DT series NN of IN lectures VVZ about IN the DT progressive JJ Norwegian JJ playwright NN , , Henrik NP Ibsen NP . SENT Meanwhile RB , , as IN a DT journalist NN , , Shaw NP worked VVD as IN an DT art NN critic NN , , then RB as IN a DT music NN critic NN writing VVG under IN the DT pseudonym NN Corno NP di NP Bassetto NP , , and CC finally RB , , from IN 1895 CD to TO 1898 CD , , as IN Theatre NP Critic NN for IN the DT Saturday NP Review NP , , where WRB his PP$ reviews NNS appeared VVD over IN the DT infamous JJ initials NNS GBS NNS . SENT In IN 1891 CD , , at IN the DT invitation NN of IN J NP . SENT T NN . SENT Grein NP , , a DT merchant NN , , theatre NN critic NN , , and CC director NN of IN a DT progressive JJ private JJ new JJ play NN society NN , , The DT Independent NP Theatre NP , , Shaw NP wrote VVD his PP$ first JJ play NN , , Widower's NP Houses NNS . SENT For IN the DT next JJ twelve NN years NNS , , he PP wrote VVD close RB to TO a DT dozen NN plays VVZ , , though IN he PP generally RB failed VVD to TO persuade VV the DT managers NNS of IN the DT London NP Theatres NNS to TO produce VV them PP . SENT A DT few JJ were VBD produced VVN abroad RB . SENT one CD Arms NP and CC the DT Man NN was VBD produced VVN under IN the DT auspices NNS of IN an DT experimental JJ management NN . SENT one CD Mrs NN Warren's NP Profession NN was VBD censored VVN by IN the DT Lord NP Chamberlain's NP Examiner NP of IN Plays NP the DT civil JJ servant NN who WP , , from IN 1737 CD until IN 1967 CD , , was VBD empowered VVN with IN the DT prior JJ censorship NN of IN all DT spoken VVN drama NN in IN England NP . SENT and CC several JJ were VBD presented VVN in IN single JJ performances NNS by IN private JJ societies NNS . SENT In IN 1898 CD , , after IN a DT serious JJ illness NN , , Shaw NP resigned VVD as IN theatre NN critic NN , , and CC moved VVD out RP of IN his PP$ mother's JJ house NN where WRB he PP was VBD still RB living VVG to TO marry VV Charlotte NP Payne NP Townsend NP , , an DT Irish JJ woman NN of IN independent JJ means NNS . SENT Their PP$ marriage NN quite RB possibly RB sexually RB unconsummated JJ lasted VVN until IN Charlotte's NP death NN in IN 1943 CD . SENT In IN 1904 CD , , Harley NP Granville NP Barker NP , , an DT actor NN , , director NN and CC playwright NN twenty CD years NNS younger JJR than IN Shaw NP who WP had VHD appeared VVN in IN a DT private JJ theatre NN society's NNS production NN of IN Shaw's NP Candida NP , , took VVD over IN the DT management NN of IN the DT Court NP Theatre NP on IN Sloane NP Square NP in IN Chelsea NP outside IN of IN the DT Theatreland NP of IN the DT fashionable JJ West JJ End NN and CC set VVD up IN it PP up RB as IN an DT experimental JJ theatre NN specializing VVG in IN new JJ and CC progressive JJ drama NN . SENT Over IN the DT next JJ three CD seasons NNS , , Barker NP produced VVD ten CD plays NNS by IN Shaw NP with IN Barker NP officially RB listed VVD as IN director NN , , and CC with IN Shaw NP actually RB directing VVG his PP$ own JJ plays NNS , , and CC Shaw NP began VVD writing VVG new JJ plays NNS with IN Barker's NP management NN specifically RB in IN mind NN . SENT Over IN the DT next JJ ten CD years NNS , , all RB but CC one CD of IN Shaw's NP plays VVZ Pygmalion NN in IN 1914 CD was VBD produced VVN either RB by IN Barker NP or CC by IN Barker's NP friends NNS and CC colleagues NNS in IN the DT other JJ experimental JJ theater NN managements NNS around IN England NP . SENT With IN royalties NNS from IN his PP$ plays NNS , , Shaw NP , , who WP had VHD become VVN financially RB independent JJ on IN marrying VVG , , now RB became VVD quite RB wealthy JJ . SENT Throughout IN the DT decade NN , , he PP remained VVD active JJ in IN the DT Fabian NP Society NP , , in IN city NN government NN he PP served VVD as IN vestryman NN for IN the DT London NP borough NN of IN St NP . SENT Pancras NP , , and CC on IN committees NNS dedicated VVN to TO ending VVG dramatic JJ censorship NN , , and CC to TO establishing VVG a DT subsidized JJ National NP Theatre NP . SENT The DT outbreak NN of IN war NN in IN 1914 CD changed JJ Shaw's NP life NN . SENT For IN Shaw NP , , the DT war NN represented VVD the DT bankruptcy NN of IN the DT capitalist JJ system NN , , the DT last JJ desperate JJ gasps NNS of IN the DT nineteenth JJ century NN empires NNS , , and CC a DT tragic JJ waste NN of IN young JJ lives NNS , , all RB under IN the DT guise NN of IN patriotism NN . SENT He PP expressed VVD his PP$ opinions NNS in IN a DT series NN of IN newspaper NN articles NNS under IN the DT title NN Common JJ Sense NN About IN the DT War NP . SENT These DT articles NNS proved VVD to TO be VB a DT disaster NN for IN Shaw's NP public JJ stature NN . SENT he PP was VBD treated VVN as IN an DT outcast NN in IN his PP$ adopted VVN country NN , , and CC there EX was VBD even RB talk NN of IN his PP$ being VBG tried VVN for IN treason NN . SENT His PP$ dramatic JJ output NN ground NN to TO a DT halt NN , , and CC he PP succeeded VVD in IN writing VVG only RB one CD major JJ play NN during IN the DT war NN years NNS , , Heartbreak NN House NN , , into IN which WDT he PP projected VVD his PP$ bitterness NN and CC despair NN about IN British JJ politics NNS and CC society NN . SENT After IN the DT war NN , , Shaw NP found VVD his PP$ dramatic JJ voice NN again RB and CC rebuilt VVD his PP$ reputation NN , , first JJ with IN a DT series NN of IN five CD plays NNS about IN creative JJ evolution NN , , Back RB to TO Methuselah NP , , and CC then RB , , in IN 1923 CD , , with IN Saint NP Joan NP . SENT In IN 1925 CD he PP was VBD awarded VVN the DT Nobel NP Prize NP for IN Literature NN . SENT Not RB needing VVG the DT money NN , , he PP donated VVD the DT cash NN award NN towards IN an DT English JJ edition NN of IN the DT Swedish JJ playwright NN August NP Strindberg NP , , who WP had VHD never RB been VBN recognized VVN with IN a DT Nobel NP prize NN by IN the DT Swedish NP Academy NP . SENT Shaw's NP plays NNS were VBD regularly RB produced VVN and CC revived VVN in IN London NP . SENT Several JJ theatre NN companies NNS in IN the DT United NP States NPS began VVD producing VVG his PP$ plays NNS , , old JJ and CC new JJ , , on IN a DT regular JJ basis NN most RBS notably RB the DT Theatre NP Guild NP in IN New NP York NP , , and CC the DT Hedgerow NN Theatre NP , , in IN Rose NP Valley NP , , PA NN , , which WDT became VVD internationally RB known VVN for IN its PP$ advocacy NN of IN the DT plays NNS of IN Shaw NP and CC the DT Irish JJ playwright NN Sean NP O'Casey NP . SENT In IN the DT late JJ 1920 CD s PP , , a DT Shaw NP festival NN was VBD established VVN in IN England NP in IN a DT town NN , , coincidentally RB , , named VVN Malvern NP . SENT Shaw NP lived VVD the DT rest NN of IN his PP$ life NN as IN an DT international JJ celebrity NN , , travelling VVG the DT world NN , , continually RB involved VVN in IN local JJ and CC international JJ politics NNS . SENT He PP visited VVD the DT Soviet JJ Union NN at IN the DT invitation NN of IN Stalin NP . SENT and CC he PP came VVD briefly RB to TO the DT United NP States NPS at IN the DT invitation NN of IN William NP Randolph NP Hearst NP , , stepping VVG on IN shore VV only RB twice RB , , for IN a DT lecture NN at IN the DT Metropolitan NP Opera NP House NP in IN New NP York NP , , and CC for IN lunch NN at IN Hearst's NP castle NN in IN San NP Simeon NP in IN California NP . SENT And CC he PP continued VVD to TO write VV thousands NNS of IN letters NNS and CC over IN a DT dozen NN more RBR plays VVZ . SENT In IN 1950 CD , , Shaw NP fell VVD off RP a DT ladder NN while IN trimming VVG a DT tree NN on IN his PP$ property NN at IN Ayot NP St NP . SENT Lawrence NP in IN Hertfordshire NP , , outside JJ of IN London NP , , and CC died VVD a DT few JJ days NNS later RBR of IN complications NNS from IN the DT injury NN , , at IN age NN 94 CD . SENT He PP had VHD been VBN at IN work NN on IN yet RB another DT play NN Why WRB She PP Would MD Not RB . SENT In IN his PP$ will NN , , he PP left VVD a DT large JJ part NN of IN his PP$ estate NN to TO a DT project NN to TO revamp VV the DT English JJ alphabet NN . SENT Only RB one CD volume NN was VBD published VVN with IN the DT new JJ Shaw NP Alphabet NN . SENT a DT parallel JJ text NN edition NN of IN Shaw's NP Androcles NP and CC the DT Lion NP . SENT After IN that DT project NN failed VVD , , the DT estate NN was VBD divided VVN among IN the DT other JJ beneficiaries NNS in IN his PP$ will NN . SENT the DT National NP Gallery NP of IN Ireland NP , , the DT British NP Museum NP , , and CC the DT Royal NP Academy NP of IN Dramatic JJ Art NN . SENT Royalties NNS from IN Shaw's NP plays VVZ and CC from IN the DT musical JJ My NP Fair NP Lady NP , , based VVN on IN Shaw's NP Pygmalion NP have VHP helped VVN to TO balance VV the DT budgets NNS of IN these DT institutions NNS ever RB since IN . SENT