/Users/andrea/_magisterarbeit/korpus/clean/trainkorpus/23/file_187h.html NN ----------------------------------------- : CWEB NP . SENT 046 CD OCTOBER NP . SENT 28 CD . SENT 1999 CD Keeping VVG Close JJ Tabs NNS PNNL NP Office NP Buildings NNS Experience NN Concludes VVZ That DT Energy NP Conservation NP Measures NNS Don't NP Ensure VV Efficiency NN By IN Jeff NP Lettau NP and CC Launa NP Morasch NP Pacific NP Northwest NP National NP Laboratory NP Editor's NP note NN . SENT The DT following VVG article NN originally RB appeared VVD in IN the DT July NP August NP issue NN of IN Facility NP Management NP Journal NP , , published VVN by IN the DT International NP Facility NP Management NP Association NP . SENT It PP is VBZ published VVN here RB with IN permission NN . SENT In IN the DT early JJ 1990 CD s PP , , new JJ construction NN at IN Pacific NP Northwest NP National NP Laboratory NP in IN Richland NP , , WA NP , , provided VVD facility NN managers NNS an DT opportunity NN to TO study VV energy NN use NN in IN two CD office NN buildings NNS . SENT Building NN One CD was VBD completed VVN in IN 1993 CD . SENT When WRB a DT second JJ building NN was VBD designed VVN with IN the DT same JJ floor NN plan NN , , PNNL NP staff NN encouraged VVD a DT design NN that WDT would MD incorporate VV energy NN conservation NN measures NNS , , such JJ as IN low JJ emissivity NN windows NNS , , T NN 8 CD lighting NN , , carbon NN dioxide NN ventilation NN control NN , , energy NN efficient JJ motors NNS for IN the DT HVAC NP system NN , , and CC light JJ emitting VVG diode NN LED VVD exit NN lights NNS . SENT Building NN Two CD was VBD completed VVN in IN 1994 CD , , and CC the DT mirror NN image NN buildings NNS stand VVP side NN by IN side NN one NN with IN extra JJ energy NN conservation NN measures NNS , , the DT other JJ without IN . SENT This DT presented VVD an DT opportunity NN to TO examine VV energy NN use NN in IN a DT real JJ world NN setting NN and CC determine VV what WP could MD be VB achieved VVN through IN state NN of IN the DT art NN system NN controls NNS , , energy NN efficient JJ windows NNS and CC lighting NN , , and CC sound JJ facility NN management NN . SENT PNNL NP installed VVD monitoring VVG equipment NN in IN both DT buildings NNS to TO monitor VV energy NN use NN for IN HVAC NP , , lighting NN and CC outlets NNS . SENT This DT monitoring NN and CC subsequent JJ analysis NN were VBD supported VVN by IN the DT U NP . SENT S NP . SENT Department NP of IN Energy's NP Federal NP Energy NP Management NP Program NP FEMP NP . SENT Energy NP conservation NN measures NNS incorporated VVN into IN Building NP Two CD were VBD expected VVN to TO save VV about IN 21 CD percent NN in IN energy NN costs NNS compared VVN to TO Building NP One CD , , and CC occupant NN satisfaction NN was VBD expected VVN to TO be VB higher JJR . SENT Initial JJ data NNS indicated VVD the DT energy NN conservation NN measures NNS may MD have VH worked VVN . SENT For IN the DT first JJ two CD years NNS of IN operation NN , , Building NP Two CD showed VVD less JJR energy NN consumption NN than IN Building NP One CD but CC not RB 21 CD percent NN . SENT Then RB , , in IN 1997 CD , , Building NP Two CD showed VVD a DT surprising JJ increase NN in IN energy NN consumption NN . SENT By IN the DT end NN of IN 1998 CD , , Building NP Two CD was VBD using VVG 40 CD percent NN more JJR energy NN than IN Building NP One CD and CC occupant NN complaints NNS from IN Building NP Two CD were VBD the DT highest JJS of IN any DT building NN occupied VVN by IN PNNL NP . SENT What WP Happened VVD . SENT The DT only RB known VVN changes NNS to TO either DT building NN during IN this DT time NN involved VVD the DT operating NN strategy NN of IN the DT heating NN and CC cooling VVG systems NNS . SENT Facility NN managers NNS made VVD changes NNS in IN response NN to TO occupant NN requests NNS for IN increased JJ comfort NN , , particularly RB during IN evening NN and CC weekend NN hours NNS . SENT However RB , , there EX was VBD no DT record NN of IN when WRB or CC why WRB these DT manual JJ adjustments NNS were VBD made VVN . SENT These DT manual JJ changes NNS continued VVD to TO put VV the DT system NN out RP of IN alignment NN . SENT Software NN control NN experts NNS theorized VVD the DT heating NN and CC cooling NN systems NNS were VBD not RB being VBG used VVN to TO capacity NN . SENT Upon IN investigation NN , , staff NN found VVD the DT heating NN and CC cooling VVG system NN software NN had VHD been VBN manually RB altered VVN and CC the DT temperature NN set VVD points NNS locked VVN into IN place NN . SENT Consequently RB , , the DT system NN could MD no RB longer RB provide VV the DT designed VVN level NN of IN control NN . SENT The DT ability NN of IN the DT system NN to TO adjust VV temperature NN set NN points NNS automatically RB to TO respond VV to TO changing VVG outdoor JJ conditions NNS and CC indoor JJ requirements NNS was VBD eliminated VVN , , which WDT increased VVD energy NN use NN and CC operating NN costs NNS . SENT In IN short RB , , the DT heating NN controls NNS were VBD fighting VVG the DT air NN conditioning NN controls NNS . SENT Building NN Two CD was VBD running VVG the DT heating NN system NN and CC air NN conditioning NN at IN the DT same JJ time NN . SENT Staff NN from IN PNNL's NP facilities NNS and CC operations NNS department NN and CC the DT building NN sciences NNS group NN tried VVD to TO solve VV the DT problem NN by IN standardizing VVG the DT operating VVG schedules NNS and CC analyzing VVG the DT continuously RB collected VVN data NNS . SENT Although IN four CD years NNS of IN data NNS were VBD available JJ , , continual JJ changes NNS to TO the DT building VVG operating NN schemes NNS made VVD it PP difficult JJ to TO compare VV energy NN use NN . SENT The DT facility NN manager NN placed VVD the DT controls NNS for IN both DT buildings NNS at IN the DT same JJ settings NNS those DT specified VVN for IN normal JJ use NN so IN variances NNS in IN energy NN use NN could MD be VB attributed VVN to TO the DT differences NNS in IN the DT energy NN conservation NN measures NNS installed VVN in IN Building NP Two CD , , rather RB than IN differences NNS in IN how WRB the DT buildings NNS were VBD operated VVN . SENT Resetting VVG the DT buildings NNS to TO the DT same JJ schedule NN required VVD reprogramming VVG the DT individual JJ zone NN settings NNS , , duct NN settings NNS and CC reference NN settings NNS . SENT In IN addition NN , , special JJ attention NN was VBD needed VVN to TO ensure VV identical JJ damper NN controls NNS . SENT A DT preliminary JJ analysis NN on IN the DT system NN hardware NN further JJR eliminated VVN differences NNS in IN the DT buildings NNS . SENT Courtesy NN of IN Pacific NP Northwest NP National NP Laboratory NP Identical JJ Control NP Strategies NNS The DT control NN strategies NNS for IN the DT two CD buildings NNS became VVD identical JJ in IN January NP 1999 CD . SENT On IN Jan NP . SENT 5 CD , , 1999 CD the DT operating NN schedules NNS of IN the DT two CD facilities NNS were VBD standardized JJ . SENT Four CD days NNS later RBR , , someone NN discovered VVD the DT duct NN temperature NN set VVD point NN for IN Building NP Two CD had VHD been VBN manually RB set VVN at IN 57 CD degrees NNS . SENT This DT resulted VVD in IN mechanical JJ cooling NN , , even RB on IN the DT coldest JJS days NNS . SENT The DT Building NP One CD duct NN temperature NN set VVD point NN was VBD also RB set VVN low JJ 61 CD degrees NNS . SENT The DT duct NN temperature NN set VVD point NN in IN both DT buildings NNS was VBD reset JJ to TO 67 CD degrees NNS and CC was VBD restored VVN to TO automatic JJ control NN so IN the DT heating NN system NN was VBD not RB fighting VVG the DT air NN conditioning NN system NN . SENT On IN Jan NP . SENT 13 CD , , 1999 CD , , the DT static JJ pressure NN sensors NNS for IN several JJ ducts NNS were VBD found VVN to TO be VB not RB working VVG properly RB . SENT Some DT appeared VVD to TO have VH been VBN inoperable JJ since IN construction NN . SENT This DT caused VVN air NN handlers NNS to TO run VV at IN full JJ output NN , , even RB though IN a DT reduced JJ output NN would MD have VH sufficed VVD . SENT When WRB the DT controls NNS were VBD set VVN as IN specified VVN , , not RB only RB did VVD the DT daily JJ energy NN use NN drop NN significantly RB for IN both DT buildings NNS , , but CC Building NP Two CD is VBZ now RB using VVG less JJR energy NN than IN Building NP One CD as IN it PP was VBD designed VVN to TO do VV . SENT The DT temperature NN set VVD points NNS for IN this DT normalized VVN program NN were VBD agreed VVN upon RP by IN the DT facility NN managers NNS , , building VVG owners NNS and CC occupant NN managers NNS . SENT They PP agreed VVD to TO a DT system NN setting VVG of IN 72 CD to TO 76 CD degrees NNS during IN daytime JJ hours NNS 6 CD a DT . SENT m NN . SENT to TO 6 CD p NN . SENT m NN . SENT and CC a DT nighttime NN setting VVG of IN 65 CD to TO 80 CD degrees NNS . SENT The DT energy NN management NN control NN system NN for IN each DT facility NN is VBZ a DT smart JJ system NN , , designed VVN to TO attain VV the DT desired VVN set NN point NN temperature NN at IN the DT desired VVN time NN , , 72 CD degrees NNS at IN 6 CD a DT . SENT m NN . SENT The DT greater JJR the DT temperature NN difference NN between IN indoor JJ and CC outdoor JJ temperature NN , , the DT earlier RBR the DT space NN conditioning NN begins VVZ . SENT Thus RB , , the DT control NN system NN learns VVZ from IN its PP$ previous JJ experiences NNS and CC is VBZ able JJ to TO account VV for IN different JJ building NN requirements NNS and CC compensate VV accordingly RB . SENT The DT facility NN managers NNS agreed VVD that IN all DT calls NNS from IN occupants NNS regarding VVG comfort NN would MD be VB investigated VVN . SENT If IN an DT office NN was VBD outside IN the DT target NN range NN , , it PP would MD be VB assumed VVN a DT malfunction NN had VHD occurred VVN and CC appropriate JJ actions NNS would MD be VB taken VVN . SENT Dramatic JJ Improvements NNS Resetting VVG the DT control NN systems NNS produced VVD dramatic JJ results NNS . SENT Improvements NNS in IN comfort NN level NN of IN the DT buildings NNS and CC energy NN performance NN were VBD noted VVN immediately RB . SENT When WRB January NP 1999 CD days NNS were VBD compared VVN to TO December NP 1998 CD days NNS with IN the DT same JJ average JJ outdoor JJ temperature NN , , Building VVG One CD total JJ energy NN use NN had VHD dropped VVN 25 CD percent NN 2 CD , , 400 CD kilowatt NN hours NNS per IN day NN and CC Building NP Two CD had VHD dropped VVN by IN 47 CD percent NN 5 CD , , 900 CD KWh NN day NN . SENT During IN the DT investigation NN into IN the DT software NN control NN systems NNS , , hardware NN problems NNS were VBD also RB identified VVN that WDT are VBP now RB being VBG fixed VVN . SENT Curing VVG these DT problems NNS will MD add VV even RB more RBR to TO the DT efficiency NN of IN the DT buildings NNS . SENT Buildings NNS One CD and CC Two CD are VBP now RB in IN adjustment NN . SENT Some DT zones NNS require VVP continued JJ efforts NNS to TO keep VV the DT control NN systems NNS in IN adjustment NN , , but CC complaints NNS about IN comfort NN have VHP decreased VVN , , as IN the DT heating NN and CC cooling NN systems NNS are VBP no RB longer RBR fighting VVG each DT other JJ . SENT Many JJ Lessons NNS Many JJ lessons NNS can MD be VB learned VVN from IN this DT experience NN . SENT First RB , , one PP should MD never RB assume VV the DT system NN is VBZ working VVG as RB designed VVN . SENT Software NN failures NNS , , hardware NN failures NNS or CC human JJ error NN can MD be VB the DT underlying JJ causes NNS of IN most JJS complaints NNS . SENT One CD of IN the DT major JJ lessons NNS learned VVN from IN this DT situation NN is VBZ how WRB easy JJ it PP is VBZ for IN human JJ error NN to TO offset VV the DT benefits NNS of IN sound JJ energy NN conservation NN . SENT An DT adjustment NN that WDT seems VVZ minor NN may MD put VV the DT control NN system NN out IN of IN alignment NN . SENT Never RB perform VV knee NN jerk NN adjustments NNS on IN the DT system NN . SENT Facility NN managers NNS must MD understand VV all PDT the DT options NNS and CC effects NNS before IN adjusting VVG or CC changing VVG any DT of IN the DT system NN controls VVZ . SENT Facility NN managers NNS at IN the DT laboratory NN learned VVD not RB to TO adjust VV the DT overall JJ temperature NN set VVD points NNS unnecessarily RB , , but CC to TO adjust VV the DT volume NN of IN air NN delivered VVN into IN the DT office NN space NN instead RB . SENT Often RB , , this DT achieves VVZ the DT same JJ result NN without IN the DT energy NN impact NN when WRB the DT temperature NN set NN point NN is VBZ changed VVN . SENT Facility NN managers NNS need VVP to TO track VV all DT customer NN complaints NNS , , even RB those DT that WDT might MD not RB seem VV legitimate JJ . SENT Each DT complaint NN and CC its PP$ resolution NN should MD be VB charted VVN . SENT Documenting VVG this DT history NN will MD provide VV insight NN into IN which WDT facilities NNS may MD be VB having VHG problems NNS . SENT Dig NN for IN solutions NNS and CC use VV new JJ technology NN . SENT Office NN temperatures NNS were VBD measured VVN within IN the DT programmed JJ temperature NN set VVD points NNS with IN regular JJ thermometers NNS . SENT However RB , , after IN using VVG infrared JJ sensing VVG thermometers NNS to TO track VV the DT duct NN discharge NN temperatures NNS , , a DT true JJ picture NN of IN what WP was VBD happening VVG began VVD to TO emerge VV . SENT Don't JJS be VB afraid JJ to TO question VV the DT experts NNS . SENT Some DT people NNS assumed VVD that IN because IN equipment NN was VBD supposed VVN to TO operate VV in IN a DT certain JJ manner NN , , it PP was VBD doing VVG so RB . SENT Questioning VVG how WRB the DT equipment NN was VBD operating VVG helped VVN the DT PNNL NP team NN uncover VV new JJ information NN . SENT The DT team NN questioned VVD how WRB the DT system NN determined VVD the DT correct JJ duct NN temperature NN set NN point NN , , which WDT led VVD to TO the DT finding NN that IN the DT duct NN temperature NN set VVD points NNS had VHD been VBN manually RB locked VVN in IN place NN . SENT The DT system NN experts NNS claimed VVD operators NNS would MD not RB have VH access NN to TO manipulate VV these DT set VVN points NNS but CC obviously RB they PP did VVD . SENT Some DT questions NNS are VBP still RB being VBG debated VVN . SENT For IN example NN , , how WRB does VVZ the DT system NN alter VV the DT duct NN temperature NN set VVD points NNS and CC based VVN on IN what WP input NN . SENT How WRB is VBZ this DT governed VVN by IN the DT software NN for IN seasonal JJ effects NNS . SENT How WRB does VVZ the DT system NN know VV when WRB to TO change VV a DT duct NN temperature NN set VVD point NN versus IN simply RB altering VVG a DT zone NN set VVD point NN for IN maximum JJ efficiency NN . SENT In IN the DT process NN of IN tracking VVG down RP the DT variations NNS in IN energy NN consumption NN , , facility NN managers NNS need VVP to TO be VB proactive JJ about IN finding VVG solutions NNS . SENT In IN these DT two CD buildings NNS , , everyone NN knew VVD there EX was VBD a DT problem NN , , but CC no DT one NN wanted VVD to TO be VB the DT bad JJ guy NN who WP forced VVD the DT systems NNS back RB into IN the DT correct JJ operating NN configuration NN , , for IN fear NN it PP would MD make VV the DT building NN occupants NNS unhappy JJ . SENT The DT facility NN manager's NNS first JJ concern NN after IN the DT safety NN of IN the DT occupants NNS is VBZ the DT proper JJ operation NN of IN the DT facility NN . SENT Once RB everything NN is VBZ working VVG correctly RB , , comfort NN issues NNS can MD be VB addressed VVN . SENT More RBR often RB than IN not RB , , comfort NN issues NNS will MD correct VV themselves PP once IN the DT system NN is VBZ working VVG properly RB . SENT Also RB , , the DT facility NN manager NN may MD want VV to TO determine VV if IN there EX is VBZ an DT incentive NN operating VVG agreement NN with IN the DT utility NN or CC building NN owner NN that WDT encourages VVZ energy NN conservation NN . SENT In IN this DT particular JJ case NN , , there EX was VBD no DT incentive NN agreement NN and CC PNNL NP paid VVD the DT high JJ utility NN costs NNS without IN question NN , , so IN there EX was VBD no DT incentive NN to TO investigate VV high JJ energy NN costs NNS . SENT The DT facility NN managers NNS felt VVD an DT incentive NN operating NN agreement NN might MD have VH helped VVN solve VV the DT problem NN at IN an DT earlier JJR stage NN . SENT The DT PNNL NP team NN learned VVD there EX are VBP no DT one CD time NN solutions NNS to TO these DT situations NNS . SENT Making VVG energy NN management NN systems NNS work NN requires VVZ continual JJ supervision NN . SENT Good JJ configuration NN management NN and CC control NN is VBZ necessary JJ if IN a DT building NN is VBZ expected VVN to TO perform VV at IN the DT best RBS possible JJ level NN . SENT Without IN an DT ongoing JJ monitoring NN program NN , , energy NN use NN will MD drift VV out RP of IN control NN . SENT Facility NN managers NNS must MD be VB vigilant JJ about IN tracking VVG energy NN usage NN , , logging VVG changes NNS to TO the DT system NN and CC tracking VVG occupant NN complaints NNS . SENT This DT gives VVZ them PP the DT data NNS they PP need VVP to TO find VV solutions NNS to TO system NN problems NNS . SENT Jeff NP Lettau NP and CC Launa NP Morasch NP More JJR Information NN . SENT Jeff NP Lettau NP , , building NN manager NN , , facilities NNS and CC operations NNS , , Pacific NP Northwest NP National NP Laboratory NP . SENT phone NN , , 509 CD 372 CD 6490 CD . SENT e SYM mail NN , , jeff NP . SENT lettau NN pnl NN . SENT gov NP . SENT or CC Launa NP Morasch NP , , PNNL NP technical JJ editor NN . SENT phone NN , , 509 CD 372 CD 6490 CD Return NN to TO Contents NNS