/Users/andrea/_magisterarbeit/korpus/clean/trainkorpus/29/file3.html NN ----------------------------------------- : Search NP . SENT Lycos NP Angelfire NP G'Night NP G'Luck NP Share NP This NP Page NP Report NP Abuse NN Edit VV your PP$ Site NN Browse VV Sites NP Previous JJ Top NP 100 CD Next NP Sebastian's NP Technical NP Glossary NN . SENT building NN pathology NN construction NN technology NN , , architecture NN , , civil JJ , , structural JJ , , forensic JJ , , mechanical JJ , , pavement NN and CC materials NNS engineering NN with IN elements NNS of IN testing NN and CC quality NN science NN on IN line NN mostly RB American JJ English JJ French JJ Romanian NN By IN A DT . SENT Sebastian NP 1995 CD 1998 CD A DT . SENT Sebastian NP . SENT All DT rights NNS reserved VVN . SENT Hosted VVD by IN A DT . SENT Sebastian NP Engineering NP Investigation NP Services NPS Back RB to TO . SENT Building NN Pathology NN Home NP Page NP ASEIS NP also RB offers VVZ a DT Construction NN durability NN glossary NN and CC a DT General NP Construction NN Glossary NN First RB and CC foremost RB , , this DT is VBZ a DT construction NN dictionary NN with IN English JJ explanations NNS . SENT Given VVN the DT difficulty NN that WDT faces VVZ the DT Romance JJ language NN speaker NN to TO relate VV to TO technical JJ English NNS and CC the DT other JJ way NN around RB , , whenever WRB possible JJ , , the DT corresponding JJ equivalents NNS are VBP given VVN where WRB genus NN choices NNS are VBP possible JJ , , only RB the DT masculine JJ is VBZ shown VVN . SENT Some DT reference NN standards NNS are VBP also RB indicated VVN . SENT If IN you PP have VHP a DT better JJR translation NN , , please VV e NN mail VV it PP to TO us PP for IN consideration NN inclusion NN credit NN . SENT Items NNS currently RB in IN the DT works NNS may MD show VV in IN italics NNS . SENT CONTACTING VVG US PP . SENT E SYM mail NN . SENT Construction NN Consultant NN usa NP . SENT net NN or CC E NN mail NN . SENT RoofDoc NP usa NP . SENT net JJ . SENT . SENT . SENT or CC go VV the DT old JJ fashioned VVN way NN . SENT A DT . SENT Sebastian NP , , POB NP 17901 CD , , Seattle NP , , WA NP 98107 CD our PP$ url NN . SENT http NN . SENT www JJ . SENT angelfire NN . SENT com NN biz NN BuildingPathology NP BldngPathGlsry NP . SENT html NN ABBREVIATIONS NNS . SENT C SYM concrete JJ mortar NN grout NN Ch NN chemistry NN P NN paints NNS coatings NNS M NP masonry NN R NN roofing NN T NN testing NN Th NN technology NN Tr NP transportation NN pavement NN engineering NN W NP wood NN , , timber NN v NN verb NN n NN noun NN A DT B NP C NP D NP E NP F NP G NP H NP I NP J NP K NP L NP M NP N NP O NP P NN Q NP RS NP T NN U NP V NN W NP X NP Y NP Z NP A NP AASHTO NP American NP Association NP of IN State NP Highway NP and CC Transportation NP Officials NP Abnormal JJ Failure NN Artificially RB induced VVN malfunction NN failure NN of IN a DT component NN Abrasion NN F NN abrasion NN , , R NP abraziune NP , , frecare NP Wear NP or CC removal NN of IN the DT surface NN of IN a DT solid JJ material NN as IN a DT result NN of IN relative JJ movement NN of IN other JJ solid JJ bodies NNS in IN contact NN with IN it PP BS NP CP NP 3 CD Abrasion NN resistance NN R NP rezistenta NP de NP frecare NN Ability NN of IN a DT construction NN element NN to TO resist VV mechanical JJ abrasion NN such JJ as IN foot NN traffic NN and CC wind VV blown VVN particles NNS which WDT tend VVP to TO progressively RB remove VV materials NNS from IN exposed VVN surfaces VVZ such JJ as IN roofing NN the DT membranes NNS Absolute JJ Pressure NN Transducer NN A DT transducer NN that WDT has VHZ an DT internal JJ reference NN chamber NN sealed VVN at IN or CC close VV to TO 0 CD psia NN full JJ vacuum NN and CC normally RB provides VVZ increasing VVG output NN voltage NN for IN increases NNS in IN pressure NN Absolute JJ Pressure NN Gage NP pressure NN plus CC atmospheric JJ pressure NN Absorbtion NN F NN absorption NN , , R NN absorbtie NN entry NN and CC or CC retention NN of IN a DT fluid NN into IN the DT bulk NN of IN a DT solid JJ material NN by IN virtue NN of IN the DT porosity NN capilarity NN BS NP 892 CD Acceleration NN R NN acceleratie NN The DT first JJ derivative NN of IN velocity NN with IN respect NN to TO time NN . SENT Units NNS expressed VVD in IN g NN Accelerometer NN A DT transducer NN which WDT converts VVZ mechanical JJ motion NN into IN an DT electrical JJ signal NN that WDT is VBZ proportional JJ to TO the DT acceleration NN value NN of IN the DT motion NN . SENT it PP measures VVZ acceleration NN or CC gravitational JJ force NN capable JJ of IN imparting VVG acceleration NN Accuracy NN R NN exactitate VV The DT combined JJ error NN of IN nonlinearity NN , , repeatability NN , , and CC hysteresis NN expressed VVN as IN a DT percent NN of IN full JJ scale NN output NN Accuracy NN vs NP . SENT Precision NN R NN exactitate JJ si NP precizie NN If IN the DT actual JJ value NN is VBZ 5 CD . SENT 321 CD and CC you PP say VVP that IN it PP is VBZ 5 CD . SENT 30 CD , , then RB you PP are VBP precise JJ to TO 3 CD places NNS but CC inaccurate JJ by IN . SENT 021 CD . SENT If IN a DT value NN is VBZ represented VVN as IN a DT bullseye NN on IN a DT target NN , , a DT group NN of IN guesses VVZ or CC measurements NNS represented VVD by IN closely RB grouped VVN points NNS have VHP a DT high JJ degree NN of IN precision NN . SENT If IN that DT group NN is VBZ near IN the DT center NN , , it PP is VBZ highly RB accurate JJ as IN well RB . SENT On IN a DT bullseye NN , , think VVP of IN accuracy NN as IN how WRB close JJ to TO the DT center NN your PP$ arrow NN hits NNS , , and CC your PP$ measurement NN of IN precision NN as IN how WRB closely RB you PP can MD group VV your PP$ shots NNS Acrylic JJ resin NN One NN of IN a DT group NN of IN thermoplastic JJ resins NNS formed VVN by IN polymerization NN of IN esters NNS or CC amides NNS of IN acrylic JJ acid NN . SENT used VVN in IN concrete NN or CC masonry NN construction NN as IN a DT bonding VVG agent NN or CC surface NN sealer NN . SENT A DT D NP Converter NN also RB mentioned VVN as IN A DT D NP or CC ADC NP analog NN to TO digital JJ converter NN . SENT An DT instrument NN which WDT converts VVZ real JJ world NN analog NN signals NNS into IN a DT digital JJ format NN that WDT can MD be VB processed VVN by IN a DT computer NN Adhesion NN F NN ad NN sion NN , , R NN adeziune NN , , aderenta NN , , lipire VV The DT force NN that WDT resists VVZ the DT separation NN of IN two CD bodies NNS in IN contact NN BS NP 5168 CD Admixture NN F NN adjuvant NN , , R NP adaos NP C NP A DT material NN , , other JJ than IN aggregate JJ , , cementitious JJ material NN or CC water NN , , added VVD in IN small JJ quantities NNS to TO the DT mix NN in IN order NN to TO produce VV some DT desired VVN modifications NNS , , either CC to TO the DT properties NNS of IN the DT mix NN or CC of IN the DT hardened JJ product NN BS NP 4049 CD Adsorbtion NN F NN adsorption NN , , R NN adsorptie NN Attachment NN of IN a DT substance NN to TO the DT surface NN of IN a DT solid JJ by IN virtue NN of IN forces NNS arising VVG from IN molecular JJ attraction NN BS NP 892 CD . SENT Retention NN of IN water NN vapor NN as IN a DT surface NN layer NN on IN a DT material NN AEC NN US NP Atomic JJ Energy NP Commission NP , , 1947 CD 1974 CD . SENT Broken VVN up RP in IN 1974 CD into IN the DT Energy NP Research NP and CC Development NP Administration NP ERDA NP and CC the DT Nuclear NP Regulatory NP Commission NP NRC NP . SENT Later JJR ERDA NP became VVD the DT Department NP of IN Energy NP Aluminum NP aluminium NN in IN Canada NP and CC most JJS Europe NP R NP Aluminiu NP symbol NN Al NP , , most RBS abundant JJ metallic JJ element NN in IN the DT earth's JJ crust NN . SENT The DT atomic JJ number NN of IN aluminum NN is VBZ 13 CD . SENT the DT atomic JJ weight NN is VBZ 26 CD . SENT 9815 CD . SENT Aluminum NP is VBZ a DT lightweight JJ , , silvery JJ metal NN . SENT In IN contact NN with IN air NN , , aluminum NN rapidly RB becomes VVZ covered VVN with IN a DT tough JJ , , transparent JJ layer NN of IN aluminum NN oxide NN that WDT resists VVZ corrosion NN . SENT Aluminum NP is VBZ never RB found VVN as IN alone RB but CC commonly RB occurs VVZ as IN aluminum NN silicate NN or CC as IN a DT silicate NN of IN aluminum NN mixed VVN with IN other JJ metals NNS . SENT Expensive JJ to TO refine VV , , these DT silicates NNS are VBP not RB useful JJ ores NNS . SENT Bauxite NN , , an DT impure JJ hydrated JJ aluminum NN oxide NN , , is VBZ the DT commercial JJ source NN of IN aluminum NN and CC its PP$ compounds NNS . SENT A DT low JJ cost NN technique NN dating VVG from IN the DT 1880 CD s PP is VBZ still RB the DT major JJ method NN of IN production NN . SENT Aluminum NN weighs VVZ less JJR than IN one CD third NN as IN much JJ as IN steel NN . SENT Its PP$ high JJ strength NN to TO weight NN ratio NN makes VVZ aluminum NN useful JJ in IN many JJ applications NNS Ambient JJ F NN ambiant NN , , R NN ambiant NN , , inconjurator NN Surrounding VVG . SENT Usually RB used VVN in IN the DT context NN of IN environmental JJ conditions NNS , , eg NN . SENT temperature NN or CC noise NN BS NP 4275 CD Ambient JJ Compensation NN The DT design NN of IN an DT instrument NN such JJ that IN changes NNS in IN ambient JJ temperature NN do VVP not RB affect VV the DT readings NNS of IN the DT instrument NN Ambient JJ Conditions NNS R NN conditii NN inconjuratoare NN Conditions NNS around IN a DT transducer NN pressure NN , , temperature NN , , etc FW . SENT Pressure NN Pressure NN of IN the DT air NN surrounding VVG a DT transducer NN Temperature NN The DT average NN or CC mean VV temperature NN of IN the DT surrounding JJ air NN which WDT comes VVZ in IN contact NN with IN the DT equipment NN and CC instruments NNS under IN test NN Anchor NP F NP ancrage NN , , R NP ancora NP Device NN providing VVG a DT fixing VVG to TO a DT solid JJ surface NN Anemometer NN R NP anemometru NP Instrument NP for IN measuring VVG and CC or CC indicating VVG the DT velocity NN of IN air NN flow NN Anion NN R NN anion NN Negatively RB charged VVD ion NN Cl NP , , NO RB 3 CD , , S NP 2 CD , , etc FW . SENT ANSI NP American NP National NP Standards NPS Institute NP . SENT this DT organization NN represents VVZ the DT United NP States NPS in IN the DT ISO NP International NP Organization NP for IN Standardization NN Application NN Program NP Computer NP program NN that WDT accomplishes VVZ specific JJ tasks NNS , , such JJ as IN word NN processing NN ASME NN American NP Society NP of IN Mechanical NP Engineers NPS Asphalt NN R NP Asfalt NP Black NP petroleum NN residue NN , , which WDT can MD be VB anywhere RB from IN solid JJ to TO semisolid NN at IN room NN temperature NN . SENT When WRB heated VVN to TO the DT temperature NN of IN boiling VVG water NN , , it PP becomes VVZ pourable JJ . SENT It PP is VBZ used VVN in IN roofing NN materials NNS , , surfacing VVG roads NNS , , in IN lining VVG the DT walls NNS of IN water NN retaining VVG structures NNS such JJ as IN reservoirs NNS and CC swimming NN pools NNS , , and CC in IN manufacturing VVG floor NN tiles NNS . SENT Asphalt NN should MD not RB be VB confused VVN with IN tar NN , , a DT similar JJ looking VVG substance NN made VVN from IN coal NN or CC wood NN and CC incompatible JJ with IN petroleum NN derivates VVZ ASTM NP American NP Society NP for IN Testing NP and CC Materials NPS Atomic JJ Number NP symbolized VVN Z NP R NP Numar NP Atomic JJ The DT number NN of IN protons NNS in IN a DT nucleus NN . SENT It PP determines VVZ the DT chemical JJ properties NNS of IN an DT element NN Atomic JJ Weight NP R NP greutate NN atomica NN The DT nominal JJ atomic JJ weight NN of IN an DT isotope NN is VBZ given VVN by IN the DT sum NN of IN the DT number NN of IN neutrons NNS and CC protons NNS in IN each DT nucleus NN . SENT The DT exact JJ atomic JJ weight NN differs VVZ fractionally RB from IN that DT whole JJ number NN because IN neutrons NNS are VBP slightly RB heavier JJR than IN protons NNS and CC the DT mass NN of IN the DT nucleus NN is VBZ also RB affected VVN by IN the DT binding JJ energy NN Auto NP Zero NP Automatic NP internal JJ correction NN for IN offsets NNS and CC or CC drift VV at IN zero CD voltage NN input NN AWG NP American NP Wire NP Gage NP AWS NN Automated VVN Weather NP Station NP measures VVZ environmental JJ factors NNS such JJ as IN air NN temperature NN , , relative JJ humidity NN , , rain NN , , wind NN , , ground NN temperature NN , , solar JJ radiation NN and CC air NN pressure NN Axial JJ Load NN R NN incarcare NN axiala NN Load NN applied VVN along RP or CC parallel VV to TO and CC concentric JJ with IN the DT primary JJ axis NN B NP Background NN Noise NN T NN The DT total JJ noise NN floor NN from IN all DT sources NNS of IN interference NN in IN a DT measurement NN system NN , , independent JJ of IN the DT presence NN of IN a DT data NNS signal VVP Bearing VVG F NN porteur NN , , R NP reazem NP , , suport NN , , baza NN The DT linear JJ or CC areal JJ dimension NN over IN which WDT a DT higher JJR component NN transmits VVZ load NN to TO a DT lower JJR component NN Bedding NN F NN scellement NN , , R NP baza NP , , pat NN A DT layer NN , , usually RB of IN concrete NN or CC mortar NN , , for IN providing VVG continuous JJ support NN to TO such JJ items NNS as IN bricks NNS , , slabs NNS , , pipes NNS BS NP 892 CD , , 5385 CD . SENT VAR NN . SENT to TO embed VV F NP sceller NP Blackbody NP A DT theoretical JJ object NN that WDT radiates VVZ the DT maximum JJ amount NN of IN energy NN at IN a DT given VVN temperature NN , , and CC absorbs VVZ all PDT the DT energy NN incident NN upon IN it PP . SENT A DT blackbody NN is VBZ not RB necessarily RB black JJ . SENT The DT name NN blackbody NN was VBD chosen VVN because IN the DT color NN black NN is VBZ defined VVN as IN the DT total JJ absorption NN of IN light JJ energy NN Bleeding VVG F NN ressuage NN C NP . SENT The DT separation NN of IN water NN from IN an DT unhardened JJ mix NN BS NP 4049 CD . SENT P NN . SENT The DT process NN of IN diffusion NN of IN a DT soluble JJ colored VVN substance NN from IN , , into IN , , and CC through IN a DT paint NN or CC varnish NN coating NN from IN beneath IN , , thus RB producing VVG an DT undesirable JJ staining VVG or CC discoloration NN BS NP 2015 CD . SENT Used VVN similarly RB to TO refer VV to TO the DT transfer NN of IN soluble JJ material NN from IN bitumen NN impregnated VVD roofing NN materials NNS , , in IN lime JJ rich JJ water NN , , causing VVG staining VVG of IN soffits NNS of IN concrete JJ slab NN roofs NNS Blister VV F NN poches NNS d'air NP , , R NP basica NP , , umflatura NN A DT local JJ separation NN of IN a DT surface NN layer NN causing VVG a DT raised VVN area NN on IN the DT surface NN with IN a DT cavity NN below RB , , usually RB happening VVG in IN flat JJ roofs NNS Bond NP F NP adh NP rence NP , , R NN aderenta NN Adherence NN between IN materials NNS such JJ as IN bricks NNS mortar NN , , or CC plies VVZ of IN felt VVN , , or CC between IN felts NNS and CC other JJ elements NNS of IN roof NN systems NNS , , which WDT use VVP bitumen NN or CC other JJ materials NNS as IN the DT cementing VVG agent NN Bridge NP R NP Punte NP Wheatstone NP bridge NN configuration NN utilizing VVG four CD active JJ strain NN gages VVZ BTU NN btu NN British JJ thermal JJ units NNS . SENT the DT quantity NN of IN thermal JJ energy NN required VVN to TO raise VV one CD pound NN of IN water NN at IN its PP$ maximum JJ density NN , , 1 CD degree NN F NN . SENT One CD BTU NN is VBZ equivalent JJ to TO . SENT 293 CD watt NN hours NNS , , or CC 252 CD calories NNS . SENT One CD kilowatt NN hour NN is VBZ equivalent JJ to TO 3412 CD BTU NN Building NN Envelope NN cladding VVG roof NN system NN C NP Capillarity NN F NN capillarity NN , , R NP capilaritate JJ Absorbtion NN of IN a DT liquid NN due JJ to TO surface VV tension NN rising VVG damp JJ R NP Igrasie NP in IN walls NNS is VBZ caused VVN by IN capillary JJ rise NN of IN the DT water NN in IN small JJ pores VVZ of IN the DT walling VVG materials NNS Carbonation NN F NN carbonatation NN , , R NN carbonare NN , , carbonatie NP C NP . SENT The DT transformation NN of IN the DT free JJ alkali NN and CC alkali NN earth NN hydroxides NNS existent JJ in IN the DT cement NN matrix NN into IN carbonates NNS , , due JJ to TO a DT reaction NN with IN carbon NN dioxide NN available JJ in IN the DT atmosphere NN . SENT Cell NN Test NN cells NNS of IN 500 CD feet NNS length NN are VBP constructed VVN for IN various JJ combinations NNS of IN bituminous JJ , , concrete JJ and CC aggregate JJ . SENT They PP represent VVP a DT wide JJ range NN of IN pavement NN types NNS with IN varying VVG combinations NNS of IN surface NN , , base NN , , subbase NN , , drainage NN and CC compaction NN Cladding NN F NN bardage NN , , R NP vener NP , , although IN the DT cladding VVG air NN barrier NN concept NN is VBZ not RB normally RB used VVN in IN Romanian JJ construction NN The DT external JJ covering VVG to TO the DT frame NN or CC structural JJ walls NNS of IN a DT building NN or CC structure NN BS NP 5168 CD . SENT The DT veneer NN is VBZ non JJ loadbearing NN , , and CC as RB such JJ it PP is VBZ designed VVN to TO carry VV only RB its PP$ own JJ weight NN dry JJ and CC or CC wet JJ , , and CC a DT limited JJ number NN of IN loads NNS such JJ as IN wind NN and CC seism NN . SENT In IN relationship NN with IN the DT structure NN it PP encloses VVZ , , it PP can MD be VB either DT fully RB bonded VVN or CC sepparated VVN by IN an DT air NN barrier NN Condensation NN F NN condensation NN , , R NN condensatie NN Precipitation NN of IN liquid NN from IN its PP$ vapor NN resulting VVG from IN lowering VVG of IN the DT temperature NN under IN constant JJ pressure NN , , especially RB the DT deposition NN of IN water NN from IN warm JJ moist JJ air NN on IN to TO a DT relatively RB cold JJ surface NN BS NP 5643 CD Corrosion NN F NN corrosion NN , , R NN coroziune NN Deterioration NN of IN a DT metal NN by IN chemical NN or CC electrochemical JJ reaction NN with IN its PP$ environment NN BS NP 3660 CD . SENT Occasionally RB used VVN , , incorrectly RB , , to TO apply VV to TO non JJ metallic JJ materials NNS , , eg NN . SENT concrete JJ Crack NN F NN fissure NN , , R NP crapatura NP Linear NP discontinuity NN produced VVN by IN fracture NN BS NP 499 CD . SENT Elongated VVN narrow JJ opening NN . SENT Synonyms NNS can MD include VV . SENT break NN , , split NN , , fracture NN , , fissure NN , , separation NN , , cleavage NN , , in IN various JJ applications NNS Crazing VVG R NP paienjenis NP de NP crapaturi NP Network NP of IN surface NN cracks NNS BS NP 3446 CD . SENT Used VVN generally RB to TO describe VV surface NN cracking VVG of IN concrete NN surfaces VVZ and CC paint NN film NN . SENT Also RB used VVN specifically RB to TO describe VV the DT fine JJ network NN cracking VVG of IN ceramic JJ glazes VVZ by IN , , for IN example NN , , differential JJ thermal JJ expansion NN between IN glaze VV and CC tile NN body NN , , or CC moisture NN expansion NN of IN the DT body NN Creep VV F NN fluage NN , , R NP curgere NP lenta NP Slow JJ deformation NN of IN a DT stressed VVN material NN at IN temperatures NNS which WDT may MD be VB within IN or CC above IN the DT normal JJ working VVG range NN of IN the DT material NN BS NP 1755 CD CRREL NP USACE NP Cold NP Regions NNS Research NP Engineering NP Laboratory NP great JJ institutution NN , , although IN strangely RB enough JJ it PP is VBZ located VVN in IN Western NP NH NP D NP Dampness NN F NN humidit NN superficielle NN , , R NN umiditate NN , , umezeala NP , , igrasie NN Condition NN of IN being VBG slightly RB wet JJ . SENT usually RB not RB so RB wet JJ that IN liquid JJ water NN is VBZ evident JJ , , eg NN . SENT wetness NN caused VVD by IN condensation NN on IN a DT porous JJ substrate NN or CC water NN transmitted VVD up RP a DT porous JJ wall NN by IN capillarity NN DCP NP Dynamic JJ Cone NP Penetrometer NP Instrument NP used VVD to TO measure VV the DT strength NN of IN soil NN and CC granular JJ materials NNS used VVN in IN roadway NN construction NN Decomposition NN F NN d SYM composition NN , , R NN descompunere NN The DT separation NN of IN a DT material NN into IN elements NNS or CC parts NNS Defect NN F NN d SYM faut NN , , R NN defect NN The DT non JJ conformity NN of IN the DT result NN of IN a DT test NN with IN the DT specification NN for IN a DT characteristic JJ ISO NP 2071 CD . SENT In IN Building NP Pathology NN , , used VVN sometimes RB almost RB as IN a DT synonym NN of IN fault NN or CC failure NN , , but CC preferred JJ meaning NN is VBZ to TO indicate VV only RB a DT deviation NN from IN some DT perceived VVN standard NN which WDT may MD , , but CC will MD not RB necessarily RB result VV in IN a DT failure NN Delamination NN R NN destratificare NN The DT breakdown NN of IN a DT material NN by IN separation NN of IN the DT layers NNS of IN which WDT it PP is VBZ composed VVN Deterioration NN F NN d SYM t NN rioration NN , , R NN deteriorare NN , , stricare NN A DT reduction NN in IN ability NN to TO perform VV up RP to TO the DT anticipated JJ standard JJ Deviation NN F NN ecart NN Divergence NN of IN the DT value NN of IN a DT quantity NN from IN a DT standard NN or CC reference NN value NN BS NP 5233 CD . SENT Used VVN generally RB to TO indicate VV a DT divergence NN from IN what WP was VBD originally RB intended VVN . SENT Dipstick NN The DT dipstick NN is VBZ an DT instrument NN used VVN to TO calculate VV the DT elevation NN profile NN of IN the DT road NN . SENT Durability NN F NN durability NN , , R NN longevitate NN The DT quality NN of IN maintaining VVG satisfactory JJ aesthetic NN , , economic JJ , , and CC functional JJ performance NN for IN the DT useful JJ life NN of IN the DT structure NN Dynamic JJ Sensors NNS traffic NN triggered VVD sensors NNS E NP Efflorescence NN F NN efflorescence NN . SENT White NP salts NNS brought VVD to TO the DT surface NN of IN porous JJ building NN materials NNS by IN water NN movement NN BS NP 4049 CD Embedded VVN Strain NP Gauge VV A DT sensor NN that WDT measures VVZ static JJ and CC horizontal JJ strains NNS in IN concrete NN and CC asphalt NN layers NNS by IN means NNS of IN five CD different JJ models NNS placed VVN in IN various JJ locations NNS and CC orientations NNS . SENT Exfiltration NP R NP prelingere NN Leakage NN out IN of IN a DT material NN or CC structure NN F NN Failure NN F NN d SYM faillance NN , , R NP distrugere NP , , dezastru NP , , pierderea NN functionalitatii NNS The DT termination NN of IN the DT ability NN of IN an DT item NN to TO perform VV a DT required JJ function NN . SENT See VV defect NN fault NN Fatigue NN R NN oboseala NN The DT weakening NN of IN a DT material NN caused VVN by IN repeated JJ or CC alternating VVG loads NNS . SENT may MD be VB used VVN in IN conjunction NN with IN either DT static JJ or CC dynamic JJ loading NN BS NP 2787 CD Fault NP F NP 1 CD . SENT imperfection NN , , vice NN , , R NP 1 CD . SENT defect NN , , 2 CD . SENT falie NN 1 CD Any DT defect NN which WDT impairs VVZ normal JJ operation NN BS NP CP NP 1013 CD . SENT 2 CD geologic JJ discontinuity NN where WRB seismic JJ events NNS start VVP . SENT See VV failure NN defect NN Faultmeter NP A NP Georgia NP Digital NP instrument NN that WDT measures VVZ vertical JJ displacement NN between IN joints NNS with IN a DT digital JJ readout NN . SENT Measurements NNS are VBP positive JJ or CC negative JJ and CC be VB recorded VVN for IN a DT number NN of IN joints NNS FHWA NP US NP Federal NP Highway NP Administration NP Fissure NN F NN fissure NN , , R NP fisura NP , , crapatura NN crack NN or CC split NN Fracture NN F NN fracturer NN , , R NP fractura NP , , rupere NP , , ruptura NN n NN or CC v NN To TO make VV or CC become VV discontinuous JJ otherwise RB than IN by IN cutting VVG . SENT Usually RB of IN relatively RB brittle JJ materials NNS Fungus NN F NP moisi NP , , R NN fungi NNS , , ciuperca NN , , mucegai VVG A DT plant NN growth NN obtaining VVG its PP$ nutrition NN by IN breakdown NN of IN organic JJ matter NN , , usually RB associated VVN with IN the DT presence NN of IN dampness NN , , eg NN . SENT in IN timber NN . SENT The DT plants NNS are VBP characterized VVN by IN the DT absence NN of IN chlorophyll NN BS NP 4261 CD Fungal JJ growth NN F NN moisissure NN . SENT mold NN . SENT Upward JJ movement NN of IN soil NN ground NN or CC of IN a DT structure NN which WDT it PP supports VVZ FWD NP Falling NP Weight NP Deflectometer NP Instrument NP that WDT determines VVZ the DT structual NN condition NN of IN each DT pavement NN layer NN . SENT G NP Grout NP extremely RB fluid JJ mixture NN of IN sand NN and CC gravel NN . SENT ASTM NP C NP 476 CD , , ACI NP 530 CD . SENT 1 CD ASCE NP 6 CD TMS NP 602 CD H NN Honeycombing VVG F NN caverneux NNS usually RB used VVN to TO refer VV to TO a DT defective JJ condition NN in IN concrete NN . SENT The DT concrete NN contains VVZ interconnecting VVG large JJ voids NNS due JJ to TO loss NN or CC lack NN of IN mortar NN Horizontal JJ Clip NN Gauge NN Tr NP . SENT sensor NN that WDT measures VVZ the DT width NN of IN concrete JJ joint JJ openings NNS . SENT I PP Infiltration NN F NN infiltration NN , , R NN infiltratie NN leakage NN into IN a DT material NN or CC structure NN . SENT water NN ingress NN Integrity NN F NP bon NP tat NN , , R NN intregime NN in IN Building NP Pathology NN . SENT soundness NN , , with IN no DT part NN or CC element NN deficient JJ in IN performance NN Inquiry NP R NP ancheta NP , , cercetare NP Official NP , , or CC semi NN official NN , , examination NN of IN a DT case NN , , with IN the DT aim NN of IN establishing VVG cause NN , , blame NN , , etc FW . SENT Interstitial JJ occurring VVG within IN the DT thickness NN of IN some DT material NN element NN . SENT usually RB used VVN in IN the DT context NN of IN interstitial JJ condensation NN which WDT means VVZ condensation NN which WDT occurs VVZ within IN the DT thickness NN of IN a DT building NN element NN or CC within IN its PP$ component NN materials NNS J NP Joint NP F NP joint JJ construction NN , , expansion NN , , control NN Position NN where WRB two CD or CC more JJR building NN materials NNS , , components NNS or CC assemblies NNS are VBP put VVN together RB , , fixed VVN or CC united VVN , , with IN or CC without IN the DT use NN of IN extra JJ jointing VVG products NNS BS NP DD NP 22 CD L NP Limit NP state NN F NN etat NN limit NN , , R NN stare NN limita NP State NP at IN which WDT performance NN criteria NNS are VBP just RB met VVN Loss NN Consequences NNS of IN a DT defect NN or CC failure NN , , expressed VVN in IN terms NNS of IN costs NNS , , injuries NNS , , loss NN of IN life NN , , etc FW . SENT LTPP NP Long NP Term NP Pavement NN Performance NP LVDT NP Linear NP Variable JJ Differential NN Transformer NN . SENT A DT sensor NN consisting VVG of IN two CD components NNS anchored VVN at IN different JJ levels NNS to TO measure VV the DT relative JJ vertical JJ deflection NN of IN pavement NN layers NNS LVR NP Low NP Volume NN Road NP 2 CD . SENT 5 CD mile NN loop NN where WRB controlled VVN truck NN weight NN and CC traffic NN volume NN simulate VVP conditions NNS on IN rural JJ roads NNS M NP Maintenance NN F NN maintenance NN , , R NN intretinere NN combination NN of IN any DT actions NNS carried VVD out RP to TO retain VV an DT item NN in IN , , or CC restore VV it PP to TO , , an DT acceptable JJ condition NN BS NP 5405 CD Masonry NN R NN zidarie NN the DT science NN , , art NN , , craft NN and CC trade NN of IN building NN in IN natural JJ or CC artificial JJ stone NN . SENT The DT term NN is VBZ often RB extended VVN to TO work VV in IN brick NN and CC tile NN . SENT Ancient JJ examples NNS of IN immense JJ irregular JJ blocks NNS of IN stone NN , , laid VVN together RB without IN mortar NN , , have VHP been VBN found VVN throughout IN Europe NP , , Americas NPS , , Africa NP , , and CC Asia NP . SENT The DT ancient JJ Greeks NPS and CC Romans NP developed VVD masonry NN techniques NNS that WDT are VBP still RB used VVN today NN . SENT Rubble NN masonry NN uses VVZ irregular JJ and CC coarsely RB jointed VVD quarried VVN or CC field NN stone NN . SENT Ashlar NN masonry NN contains VVZ carefully RB worked VVN stones NNS set VVN with IN fine JJ , , close JJ joints NNS . SENT Either DT kind NN of IN masonry NN may MD be VB laid VVN with IN or CC without IN mortar NN Mildew NN F NN mildiou NN , , R NP mucegai NP mold NN whenever WRB it PP occurs VVZ on IN fabrics NNS , , leather NN , , etc FW . SENT Mold NN , , Can MD Brit NP . SENT mould NN F NN moisissure NN , , feutrage JJ de NP champignons NNS de NP petite JJ taille NN , , R NP mucegai NP . SENT Woolly JJ or CC powdery JJ fungal JJ growth NN that IN forms NNS on IN the DT surface NN of IN materials NNS in IN damp JJ , , stagnant JJ atmospheres NNS Mortar NN R NN mortar NN mixture NN of IN lime JJ and CC or CC cement NN with IN sand NN and CC water NN , , used VVN either RB as IN a DT binding JJ material NN for IN bricks NNS and CC stone NN or CC as IN a DT plaster NN N NP Neutron NN Probe NN Sensors NNS that IN measure NN the DT total NN , , frozen VVN and CC unfrozen VVN , , moisture NN content NN in IN the DT pavement NN structure NN O NP Open NP Standpipe NN Pipe NP that WDT has VHZ been VBN placed VVN vertically RB into IN the DT ground NN to TO measure VV the DT water NN table NN level NN . SENT P NN Pave VV Tech NP Van NP Vehicle NN with IN three CD cameras NNS that IN record JJ video JJ images NNS of IN the DT pavement NN surface NN , , pavement NN profile NN , , rutting VVG and CC faulting VVG . SENT Performance NN Fr NN . SENT . SENT Performance NN . SENT A DT quantitative JJ expression NN of IN behaviour NN related VVN to TO use VV BS NP 4949 CD Piezo NP Accelerometer NN Sensor NN that WDT measures VVZ the DT vertical JJ acceleration NN of IN concrete JJ slabs NNS under IN dynamic JJ loadings NNS . SENT The DT resulting VVG data NNS , , when WRB integrated VVN twice RB , , yields NNS deflections NNS Pore NP Water NP Pressure NN Gauge NN Sensors NNS that IN measure NN static JJ and CC and CC dynamic JJ soil NN pore NN water NN pressures NNS using VVG two CD different JJ models NNS Preservation NN F NN pr NN servation NN , , R NN refacere NN The DT technology NN of IN protecting VVG wood NN from IN deterioration NN by IN living VVG organisms NNS by IN application NN of IN chemical JJ wood NN preservatives NNS BS NP 4261 CD R NP Regulations NNS F NN r NN glementation NN , , R NP ordin NP , , detalii NP de NP aplicare NN a DT legii NN Requirements NNS laid VVN down RP by IN law NN eg NN . SENT Government NN enacted VVN Building NP Regulations NNS or CC which WDT satisfy VV the DT law NN in IN some DT respect NN Rehabilitate VV Extensive JJ maintenance NN intended VVN to TO bring VV property NN or CC building VVG up RP to TO current JJ acceptable JJ condition NN , , often RB involving VVG improvements NNS BS NP 3811 CD Renovate VV F NN r NN nover NN , , R NP a DT renova NP Generally RB used VVD to TO mean VV restore VV Repair NP R NP a DT repara NN , , reparatie NN to TO restore VV an DT item NN to TO an DT acceptable JJ condition NN by IN the DT renewal NN , , replacement NN or CC mending NN of IN decayed VVN or CC damaged VVN parts NNS BS NP 3811 CD Restore NP F NN restaurer NN to TO bring VV back RB an DT item NN to TO its PP$ original JJ appearance NN or CC state NN BS NP 3811 CD Restraint NN R NN constringere NN , , legatura VVG the DT partial JJ or CC total JJ restriction NN of IN movement NN . SENT A DT device NN which WDT produces VVZ this DT effect NN Resistivity NN Probe NN sensors NNS that IN measure NN depths NNS of IN freezing NN and CC thawing VVG fronts NNS in IN the DT pavement NN structure NN Rutting VVG Dipstick NN a DT manually RB operated VVN device NN used VVN to TO record VV transverse JJ profiles NNS for IN the DT bituminous JJ cells NNS Resistivity NN Probe NN sensors NNS that IN measure NN depths NNS of IN freezing NN and CC thawing VVG fronts NNS in IN the DT pavement NN structure NN S NP Settlement NP F NN tassement NN , , affaisement NN , , R NP tasare NP Downward JJ movement NN of IN the DT soil NN or CC of IN a DT structure NN which WDT it PP supports VVZ BS NP 892 CD Shrinkage NN F NN contraction NN , , R NN contractie NN Decrease NN in IN length NN or CC volume NN Soil NN Pressure NN Gauge NN Sensors NNS that IN measure NN static JJ and CC dynamic JJ stresses NNS , , both CC vertical JJ and CC horizontal JJ , , in IN soils NNS and CC other JJ unbounded JJ layers NNS . SENT Spall NP F NP eclat NN , , R NP spartura NP superficiala NP , , tandara NN A DT flaky JJ fragment NN , , usually RB produced VVN by IN a DT blow NN , , or CC by IN the DT action NN of IN weather NN or CC pressure NN Spalling VVG F NN eclatement NN , , R NP spargere NP superficiala NP , , fragmentare NN . SENT spall NN aschie NN , , tandara NN detachment NN of IN fragments NNS , , usually RB of IN flaky JJ shape NN , , from IN a DT larger JJR mass NN by IN a DT blow NN , , or CC by IN the DT action NN of IN weather NN or CC pressure NN . SENT chipping VVG of IN stone NN , , masonry NN or CC concrete JJ BS NP 2787 CD Split NP F NN delitement NN , , clivage NN , , R NP crapatura NP , , clivaj NN Break NN in IN a DT material NN , , approximately RB parallel JJ with IN the DT natural JJ grain NN or CC cleavage NN of IN the DT material NN Stain NP R NP pata NP v NN , , n NN To TO discolor VV . SENT An DT uncontrolled JJ discoloration NN , , usually RB on IN concrete NN , , masonry NN , , and CC wood NN Static JJ Sensors NNS Those DT sensors NNS that WDT generate VVP data NNS at IN 15 CD minute JJ intervals NNS Examples NNS are VBP weather NN sensors NNS , , etc FW . SENT Stitching VVG M NP restoration NN insertion NN of IN new JJ bricks NNS to TO replace VV existing VVG damaged JJ bricks NNS T NN Thermal JJ shock NN R NN Soc NN termic JJ force NN , , arising VVG out RP of IN thermal JJ expansion NN or CC contraction NN , , which WDT causes VVZ disruption NN of IN a DT material NN on IN sudden JJ heating NN or CC cooling VVG Thermohygrograph NP F NP Thermohygrographe NP Device NN that WDT measures VVZ and CC records VVZ simultaneously RB air VV temperature NN and CC relative JJ humidity NN BS NP 5643 CD U NP USACE NP US NP Army NP Corps NP of IN Engineers NPS Upstand NP Portion NN of IN roof NN covering VVG turned VVN up RP against IN a DT vertical JJ surface NN , , yet RB not RB necessarily RB tucked VVN into IN a DT groove NN BS NP 2717 CD V NN Void NN in IN the DT context NN of IN cellular JJ materials NNS , , such JJ as IN concrete JJ cavity NN formed VVD either RB intentionally RB or CC unintentionally RB ISO NP 1382 CD W NP Warp NP F NP Voilement NP , , R NP Deformare NP , , Distorsiune NP Change NP from IN a DT straight JJ or CC true JJ plane NN condition NN Water NP vapor NN F NP Vapeur NP d'eau NP , , R NP vapori NP de NP apa NP creates VVZ a DT pressure NN just RB like IN any DT other JJ gas NN . SENT Cold JJ air NN has VHZ a DT relatively RB low JJ vapor NN pressure NN , , while IN warm JJ air NN with IN larger JJR amounts NNS of IN water NN vapor NN has VHZ a DT greater JJR pressure NN . SENT The DT difference NN in IN pressure NN cause VV the DT vapor NN to TO penetrate VV building NN materials NNS in IN the DT direction NN from IN high JJ to TO low JJ vapor NN pressure NN Wrinkle NP F NP Ride NN , , R NP rid VVD slight JJ ridge NN caused VVN by IN folding NN , , rumpling VVG or CC creasing VVG . SENT In IN roofing NN may MD refer VV to TO the DT common JJ wrinkled VVN pattern NN that IN forms NNS over IN the DT joints NNS of IN insulation NN in IN insulated VVN roof NN systems NNS . SENT Simil NP . SENT to TO buckling VVG Weather NP R NP Vreme NP , , Climat NP To TO degrade VV under IN the DT action NN of IN the DT weather NN . SENT Also RB used VVN to TO describe VV the DT inclusion NN of IN a DT slight JJ slope NN to TO throw VV off RP rainwater NN , , eg NN . SENT on IN a DT sill NN Weathering VVG R NN for IN 1 CD . SENT Imbatrinire NP 1 CD Action NP of IN weathter NN in IN producing VVG degradation NN . SENT aging VVG 2 CD Alternatively RB used VVN as IN a DT noun NN to TO describe VV a DT slight JJ construction NN slope NN designed VVN to TO throw VV off RP rainwater NN Y NP Yield NP F NP limite NN elastique NN , , R NP limita NP elastica NN , , It PP . SENT . SENT Snervamento NP permanent JJ deformation NN which WDT a DT material NN undergoes VVZ when WRB it PP is VBZ stressed VVN beyond IN its PP$ elastic JJ limit NN Credits NNS . SENT ACI NP , , ANSI NP , , APA NP , , ASTM NP , , BIA NP , , BOCA NP , , CIB NP , , CSA NP , , DEA NP , , ISO NP , , MinnDOT NP , , NRCC NP , , PCA NP , , TMS NP , , USACE NP A NP . SENT Sebastian NP . SENT Essential JJ Construction NN Architectural JJ Engineering NP Dictionary NP Webster NP , , formerly RB known VVN as IN a DT Dictionary NP of IN the DT American NP Language NP whatever WDT that RB might MD mean VV American NP Heritage NP Dictionary NP Encarta NP , , a DT barely RB passable JJ product NN from IN a DT much RB less JJR than IN passable JJ corporation NN Echo NP Eurodicatum NN . SENT although IN sliding VVG down RP fast RB , , it PP is VBZ still RB the DT power NN house NN to TO beat VV in IN web NN multilingual JJ dictionaries NNS http NN . SENT www NP 2 CD . SENT echo NN . SENT lu NP edic NP TechDico NP , , Logos NNS http NN . SENT www JJ . SENT logos NNS . SENT it PP query VV query NN . SENT html NN Back RB to TO the DT top NN Back RB to TO . SENT Building NN Pathology NN Home NP Page NP Site NN design NN by IN the DT author NN himself PP . SENT Strange JJ hobby NN , , isn't VVD it PP . SENT E SYM mail NN . SENT Cheap JJ sites NNS . SENT . SENT . SENT cheap JJ . SENT