/Users/andrea/_magisterarbeit/korpus/clean/testkorpus/22/file2.html NN ----------------------------------------- : The DT Death NN of IN the DT Pope NP Analysis NP of IN Pope NP John NP Paul NP II's NP reign NN Special JJ Coverage NP Index NP NCR NP home NN page NN He PP was VBD a DT magnificent JJ pope NN who WP presided VVD over IN a DT controversial JJ pontificate NN By IN JOHN NN L NP . SENT ALLEN NP JR NP . SENT Rome NP He PP was VBD a DT magnificent JJ pope NN who WP presided VVD over IN a DT controversial JJ pontificate NN , , at IN times NNS daring JJ and CC defensive JJ , , inspiring JJ and CC insular JJ . SENT John NP Paul NP II NP , , 263 CD rd NN successor NN of IN St NP . SENT Peter NP , , leaves VVZ behind IN the DT irony NN of IN a DT world NN more RBR united VVN because IN of IN his PP$ life NN and CC legacy NN , , and CC a DT church NN more RBR divided VVN . SENT This DT is VBZ perhaps RB the DT best JJS one NN can MD offer VV in IN a DT first JJ draft NN of IN history NN about IN a DT man NN who WP towered JJ over IN his PP$ times NNS in IN a DT way NN unique JJ among IN other JJ leaders NNS of IN his PP$ era NN . SENT Pope NP John NP Paul NP II NP , , 84 CD , , died VVN April NP 2 CD at IN 9 CD . SENT 37 CD p NN . SENT m NN . SENT in IN his PP$ private JJ quarters NNS at IN the DT end NN of IN a DT long JJ and CC public JJ illness NN . SENT Though IN the DT effects NNS of IN Parkinson's JJ disease NN had VHD been VBN evident JJ for IN a DT number NN of IN years NNS , , the DT pope's NNS health NN declined VVD precipitously RB over IN a DT period NN of IN a DT few JJ days NNS . SENT On IN March NP 31 CD he PP suffered VVD heart NN and CC circulatory JJ collapse NN . SENT The DT next JJ day NN the DT Vatican NP said VVD his PP$ kidneys NNS were VBD failing VVG and CC that IN his PP$ breathing NN had VHD become VVN shallow JJ . SENT In IN the DT hours NNS just RB before IN his PP$ death NN , , the DT Vatican NP announced VVD that IN he PP was VBD fading VVG out RP of IN consciousness NN . SENT John NP Paul NP II NP was VBD a DT stunningly RB successful JJ historical JJ actor NN . SENT biographer NN Jonathan NP Kwitny NP once RB called VVD him PP the DT man NN of IN the DT century NN . SENT In IN an DT age NN in IN which WDT institutional JJ religion NN was VBD supposed VVN to TO be VB sliding VVG toward IN extinction NN , , he PP applied VVD the DT force NN of IN his PP$ enormous JJ personality NN to TO revitalizing VVG it PP . SENT John NP Paul NP was VBD among IN the DT key JJ forces NNS in IN the DT collapse NN of IN European JJ communism NN . SENT He PP did VVD it PP not RB by IN fueling VVG an DT arms NNS race NN or CC by IN threatening VVG Armageddon NP , , but CC through IN moral JJ leadership NN and CC the DT social JJ idea NN of IN Solidarity NP . SENT Dear NP Reader NP . SENT We PP have VHP seen VVN traffic NN to TO our PP$ Web NP site NN triple RB during IN this DT extraordinary JJ and CC historic JJ time NN in IN the DT Catholic JJ church NN . SENT We PP believe VVP that IN among IN the DT thousands NNS of IN people NNS visiting VVG our PP$ Web NP pages NNS over IN the DT last JJ several JJ weeks NNS are VBP many RB who WP are VBP new JJ to TO National NP Catholic NP Reporter NN . SENT For IN those DT who WP are VBP new JJ , , we PP want VVP to TO tell VV you PP more JJR about IN our PP$ independent JJ newsweekly RB and CC invite VV you PP to TO subscribe VV . SENT Learn VV more RBR . SENT Through IN his PP$ constant JJ travels NNS , , John NP Paul NP carried VVD a DT media NNS spotlight NN to TO corners NNS of IN the DT globe NN that WDT would MD otherwise RB never RB have VHP commanded VVN public JJ attention NN . SENT He PP urged VVD people NNS to TO think VV of IN this DT as IN one CD planet NN , , to TO recognize VV a DT common JJ humanity NN beneath IN and CC beyond IN differences NNS of IN language NN and CC race NN and CC class NN . SENT John NP Paul NP was VBD the DT first JJ pope NN in IN the DT age NN of IN CNN NP , , and CC he PP seemed VVD born VVN for IN the DT part NN . SENT He PP wrote VVD books NNS , , put VVN out IN compact JJ discs NNS , , staged VVD massive JJ youth NN rallies NNS that IN at IN times NNS felt VVN like IN Rolling NP Stones NP concerts NNS , , and CC utilized VVD all PDT the DT other JJ tools NNS of IN pop JJ superstardom NN to TO promote VV the DT message NN of IN Christ NP . SENT He PP did VVD not RB shrink VV from IN modernity NN , , but CC challenged VVD secular JJ culture NN on IN its PP$ own JJ turf NN . SENT Often RB enough RB , , he PP prevailed VVD . SENT He PP was VBD a DT master NN of IN grand JJ historical JJ gestures NNS . SENT The DT image NN of IN the DT pope NN , , this DT child NN of IN Poland NP who WP grew VVD up RP just RB miles NNS from IN Auschwitz NP , , placing VVG a DT handwritten JJ note NN of IN remorse NN for IN Christian JJ hostility NN to TO Jews NNS in IN the DT Western NP Wall NP was VBD among IN the DT 20 CD th NN century NN s PP most RBS splendid JJ icons NNS . SENT In IN 1986 CD he PP became VVD the DT first JJ pope NN to TO visit VV a DT Jewish JJ synagogue NN since IN the DT age NN of IN Peter NP , , and CC in IN 2001 CD the DT first JJ pope NN to TO enter VV an DT Islamic JJ mosque NN . SENT In IN his PP$ final JJ years NNS , , when WRB age NN and CC illness NN took VVD hold NN , , John NP Paul NP managed VVD to TO keep VV crowds NNS spellbound VVN without IN so RB much JJ as IN the DT capacity NN to TO speak VV or CC move VV . SENT Where WRB he PP felt VVD passionately RB , , John NP Paul NP was VBD not RB a DT man NN to TO be VB shackled VVN by IN the DT poor JJ lists NNS of IN his PP$ predecessors NNS fashions NNS . SENT He PP made VVD his PP$ own JJ manners NNS , , whether IN it PP was VBD assembling VVG leaders NNS of IN world NN religions NNS to TO pray VV for IN peace NN in IN Assisi NP against IN the DT advice NN of IN curialists NNS worried VVN about IN syncretism NN , , or CC apologizing VVG to TO the DT Orthodox NP in IN Athens NP , , Greece NP , , for IN centuries NNS of IN Catholic JJ maltreatment NN , , over IN the DT objections NNS of IN ecumenical JJ hawks NNS who WP felt VVD being JJ pope NN means VVZ never RB having VHG to TO say VV you PP re IN sorry JJ . SENT Toward IN the DT end NN of IN John NP Paul NP s PP long JJ reign NN , , his PP$ physical JJ decay NN unfolded VVD before IN the DT eyes NNS of IN a DT world NN both CC dazzled VVN by IN his PP$ will NN , , and CC sometimes RB aghast JJ at IN the DT cruelty NN of IN a DT vocation NN that WDT would MD impose VV such JJ burdens NNS . SENT The DT pope NN struggled VVD to TO walk VV , , he PP slurred VVD his PP$ speech NN and CC drooled VVD badly RB , , his PP$ hearing NN failed VVD , , and CC his PP$ facial JJ expression NN became VVD increasingly RB frozen VVN . SENT Yet CC he PP soldiered VVD on IN , , bearing VVG his PP$ thorns NNS in IN the DT flesh NN with IN grit NN and CC good JJ humor NN . SENT For IN a DT world NN that WDT has VHZ made VVN an DT idol NN out RP of IN youth NN and CC beauty NN , , this DT disabled JJ pope NN was VBD a DT strong JJ counter NN witness NN . SENT Jean NP Vanier NP , , the DT founder NN of IN the DT L NP Arche NP community NN that WDT makes VVZ its PP$ life NN among IN disabled JJ persons NNS , , said VVD of IN the DT bowed VVN but CC not RB beaten VVN pope NN . SENT He PP was VBD never RB more RBR beautiful JJ . SENT John NP Paul NP II NP was VBD a DT man NN of IN great JJ spiritual JJ depth NN , , of IN integrity NN , , and CC of IN imagination NN . SENT He PP understood VVD intuitively RB the DT famous JJ advice NN of IN Chicago NP architect NN Daniel NP Burnham NP . SENT Make VV no DT little JJ plans NNS . SENT They PP have VHP no DT magic NN to TO stir VV men NNS s PP blood NN . SENT The DT pope NN also RB had VHD a DT deep JJ , , abiding JJ belief NN that IN his PP$ pontificate NN was VBD guided VVN by IN higher JJR forces NNS . SENT His PP$ motto NN , , Totus NP Tuus NP , , Totally RB yours NNS signified VVD his PP$ devotion NN to TO Mary NP and CC his PP$ belief NN she PP was VBD with IN him PP as IN pope NN , , a DT conviction NN he PP saw VVD confirmed VVN in IN the DT assassination NN attempt NN of IN May NP 13 CD , , 1981 CD the DT Feast NN of IN Our PP$ Lady NP of IN Fatima NP . SENT John NP Paul NP believed VVD Mary NP changed VVD the DT flight NN path NN of IN the DT assassin NN s PP bullet NN to TO keep VV him PP alive JJ . SENT In IN his PP$ 2005 CD book NN Memory NP and CC Identity NN , , he PP wrote VVD . SENT I PP live VVP in IN the DT constant JJ awareness NN that IN in IN what WP I PP say VVP and CC do VVP in IN fulfillment NN of IN my PP$ vocation NN and CC mission NN , , of IN my PP$ ministry NN , , something NN is VBZ happening VVG that IN s PP not RB exclusively RB my PP$ initiative NN . SENT I PP know VVP that IN it PP s PP not RB only RB I PP who WP act VVP in IN what WP I PP do VVP as IN the DT Successor NN of IN Peter NP . SENT Yet RB precisely RB because IN he PP was VBD so RB missionary NN in IN his PP$ instincts NNS , , so RB focused VVN on IN the DT global JJ culture NN he PP aspired VVD to TO shape VV , , the DT pope NN devoted VVN comparatively RB little JJ energy NN to TO the DT internal JJ life NN of IN the DT church NN , , whose WP$ care NN is VBZ actually RB the DT Roman NP pontiff NN s PP primary JJ mandate NN . SENT John NP Paul NP s PP top JJ internal JJ agenda NN for IN the DT Catholic NP church NN was VBD to TO stop VV what WP his PP$ top JJ lieutenant NN , , Cardinal NP Joseph NP Ratzinger NP , , immoderately RB describing VVG the DT aftermath NN of IN the DT Second NP Vatican NP Council NP 1962 CD 65 CD , , called VVD an DT avalanche NN of IN ecclesial JJ decadence NN . SENT The DT pope NN considered VVD himself PP a DT man NN of IN the DT council NN , , but CC felt VVD its PP$ teaching NN had VHD been VBN badly RB misapplied VVN through IN an DT uncritical JJ embrace VV of IN modernity NN and CC a DT too RB hasty JJ abandonment NN of IN elements NNS of IN church NN practice NN and CC doctrine NN . SENT Inside IN the DT church NN , , John NP Paul NP believed VVD in IN order NN . SENT Whether IN cracking VVG down RP on IN religious JJ orders NNS perceived VVN as IN disobedient JJ as IN he PP did VVD in IN 1981 CD by IN foisting VVG new JJ leadership NN upon IN the DT Jesuits NNS or CC insisting VVG on IN a DT sharp JJ distinction NN between IN clergy NN and CC laity NN as IN the DT Vatican NP did VVD in IN a DT 1997 CD document NN on IN lay VV ministry NN , , this DT was VBD in IN some DT ways NNS an DT unapologetically RB hierarchical JJ and CC clerical JJ papacy NN . SENT Though IN John NP Paul NP had VHD a DT keen JJ sense NN of IN the DT lay VVD apostolate NN , , and CC favored VVD the DT growth NN of IN new JJ lay VVD movements NNS , , he PP also RB demanded VVD unity NN when WRB Rome NP spoke VVD . SENT In IN pursuit NN of IN his PP$ great JJ historical JJ ambitions NNS , , John NP Paul NP left VVD day NN to TO day NN management NN to TO his PP$ aides NNS . SENT Since IN nature NN abhors VVZ a DT vacuum NN , , this DT laissez NP faire NP approach NN encouraged VVD a DT stranglehold NN over IN the DT internal JJ life NN of IN the DT church NN in IN the DT curia NN , , the DT papal JJ bureaucracy NN . SENT Across IN a DT range NN of IN issues NNS from IN liturgy NN to TO clerical JJ life NN , , from IN Catholic JJ education NN to TO the DT role NN of IN laity NN power NN accumulated VVN in IN the DT center NN , , in IN contrast NN with IN Vatican NP II NP s PP vision NN of IN a DT church NN whose WP$ future NN is VBZ worked VVN out IN more JJR in IN parishes NNS and CC missions NNS , , in IN dioceses NNS and CC base NN communities NNS , , than IN in IN Rome NP . SENT The DT pope NN s PP lack VVP of IN attention NN to TO internal JJ concerns NNS was VBD nowhere RB more RBR evident JJ than IN in IN the DT appointment NN of IN bishops NNS . SENT Despite IN a DT few JJ shining VVG counterexamples NNS , , such JJ as IN Carlo NP Maria NP Martini NP in IN Milan NP , , Jean NP Lustiger NP in IN Paris NP and CC Godfried NP Danneels NP in IN Brussels NP , , the DT shepherds NNS named VVN on IN John NP Paul NP s PP watch VVP tended VVN to TO be VB gray JJ men NNS , , noted VVD more JJR for IN doctrinal JJ reliability NN than IN vision NN or CC pastoral JJ competence NN . SENT John NP Paul NP reaped VVD the DT bitter JJ harvest NN of IN his PP$ disengagement NN in IN 2002 CD , , when WRB a DT sexual JJ abuse NN crisis NN involving VVG priests NNS exploded VVD in IN the DT United NP States NPS and CC other JJ countries NNS . SENT As IN the DT story NN unfolded VVD , , it PP became VVD clear JJ that IN the DT real JJ scandal NN was VBD not RB the DT personal JJ failures NNS of IN a DT small JJ number NN of IN clerics NNS , , but CC the DT malfeasance NN on IN the DT part NN of IN speak VV no DT evil NN , , see VVP no DT evil JJ bishops NNS who WP did VVD nothing NN about IN it PP . SENT The DT contrast NN with IN his PP$ predecessor NN Paul NP VI NP , , who WP led VVD the DT church NN in IN the DT immediate JJ post NN Vatican NP II NP years NNS , , was VBD striking JJ . SENT If IN Paul NP s PP fatal JJ flaw NN was VBD an DT at IN times NNS paralyzing VVG preoccupation NN with IN holding VVG the DT church NN together RB , , John NP Paul NP s PP was VBD a DT steely JJ resolve NN to TO assert VV what WP he PP saw VVD as IN the DT truth NN , , whatever WDT the DT cost NN . SENT On IN the DT world NN stage NN , , he PP was VBD an DT apostle NN of IN human JJ rights NNS . SENT Inside IN the DT church NN , , he PP tolerated VVD a DT form NN of IN absolutism NN that IN some DT critics NNS could MD not RB help VV comparing VVG with IN the DT Soviet JJ system NN he PP helped VVD bring VV down RP . SENT As IN the DT under IN 80 CD members NNS of IN the DT College NP of IN Cardinals NNS all RB but CC three CD now RB appointed VVN by IN John NP Paul NP II NP assemble VVP in IN the DT Sistine NP Chapel NP to TO elect VV his PP$ successor NN , , this DT contrast NN between IN the DT apostle NN of IN unity NN ad NN extra JJ and CC the DT bruiser NN ad NN intra NN will MD be VB the DT central JJ question NN they PP face VVP . SENT Is VBZ John NP Paul NP s PP vision NN of IN a DT missionary NN church NN , , one PP vitally RB engaged VVD with IN culture NN , , consistent JJ with IN the DT authoritarian JJ , , curial JJ mode NN of IN governance NN that IN he PP allowed VVD to TO take VV hold NN . SENT Attitude NN and CC themes NNS To TO read VV all DT parts NNS of IN this DT story NN , , click NN on IN these DT links NNS . SENT Attitude NN and CC Themes NNS John NP Paul NP and CC the DT West JJ Ecumenism NN and CC other JJ religions NNS Authentic JJ liberation NN World NP leader NN His PP$ Polishness NP Student NP , , priest NN , , scholar NN , , bishop NN Council NP , , father NN and CC pope NN Brother NN bishops NNS The DT pope NN as IN mystic NN A DT personal JJ summary NN Top JJ of IN Page NP John NP Paul NP was VBD no DT pessimist NN . SENT He PP spoke VVD confidently RB about IN a DT new JJ springtime NN of IN evangelization NN in IN which WDT the DT church NN would MD again RB proclaim VV the DT gospel NN in IN a DT vibrant JJ , , attractive JJ way NN . SENT He PP looked VVD forward RB to TO the DT Third JJ Millennium NN as IN a DT period NN of IN Christian JJ reunification NN . SENT But CC as IN a DT means NN to TO those DT ends NNS , , the DT pope NN felt VVD he PP had VHD to TO end VV the DT confusion NN and CC dissent NN in IN which WDT he PP felt VVD some DT quarters NNS of IN the DT church NN , , especially RB Europe NP and CC North NP America NP , , were VBD mired VVN . SENT While IN his PP$ talks NNS and CC travels VVZ 104 CD overseas JJ trips NNS to TO 129 CD countries NNS , , covering VVG almost RB 690 CD , , 000 CD miles NNS were VBD broad JJ , , his PP$ range NN of IN regular JJ themes NNS inside IN the DT church NN was VBD narrow JJ , , and CC , , after IN the DT initial JJ few JJ years NNS , , fairly RB predictable JJ . SENT evangelization NN . SENT the DT dignity NN of IN the DT human JJ person NN . SENT the DT centrality NN of IN Christ NP . SENT protest NN against IN a DT culture NN of IN death NN , , on IN issues NNS such JJ as IN abortion NN , , birth NN control NN and CC euthanasia NN . SENT orthodoxy NN as IN obedience NN to TO the DT magisterium NN . SENT the DT sanctity NN of IN marriage NN . SENT the DT role NN of IN Mary NP . SENT courage NN in IN teaching VVG and CC communicating VVG the DT Catholic JJ tradition NN . SENT and CC personal JJ example NN and CC courage NN in IN living VVG out RP social JJ justice NN . SENT He PP guided VVD the DT new JJ Code NP of IN Canon NP Law NP 1983 CD and CC the DT new JJ Catechism NN of IN the DT Catholic NP Church NP 1995 CD . SENT The DT latter JJ document NN was VBD designed VVN , , in IN part NN , , to TO uproot VV the DT more RBR liberal JJ national JJ catechisms NNS that WDT had VHD cropped VVN up RP in IN the DT wake NN of IN Vatican NP II NP . SENT To TO be VB fair JJ , , John NP Paul NP did VVD not RB demand VV submission NN for IN its PP$ own JJ sake NN . SENT He PP felt VVD that IN only RB a DT unified JJ church NN , , clear JJ about IN its PP$ message NN , , could MD stand VV up RP to TO the DT challenges NNS of IN an DT immensely RB secularized VVN , , relativistic JJ , , post VV Christian JJ culture NN . SENT He PP excommunicated VVD twice RB . SENT the DT conservative JJ pro NN Latin NP Mass NP Archbishop NN Marcel NP Lefebrve NP in IN 1988 CD , , and CC the DT Sri NP Lankan NP theologian NN Oblate NN Fr NN . SENT Tissa NP Balasuriya NP in IN 1997 CD . SENT Lefebrve NP refused VVD to TO accept VV the DT changes NNS of IN Vatican NP II NP , , particularly RB in IN the DT liturgy NN . SENT Balassuriya NP , , who WP argued VVD for IN greater JJR flexibility NN in IN adapting VVG the DT Christian JJ message NN in IN the DT Asian JJ context NN , , incurred VVD an DT excommunication NN that WDT was VBD revoked VVN by IN the DT Vatican NP less RBR than IN a DT year NN later RBR when WRB he PP signed VVD a DT declaration NN of IN loyalty NN . SENT John NP Paul NP also RB silenced VVN . SENT Both CC the DT T NN bingen NN , , Germany NP , , university NN professor NN Fr NN . SENT Hans NP K NP ng NP and CC The DT Catholic NP University NP of IN America NP professor NN Fr NN . SENT Charles NP Curran NP were VBD forbidden VVN to TO teach VV as IN Catholic JJ theologians NNS . SENT The DT former JJ , , a DT major JJ voice NN for IN Vatican NP II NP reforms NNS , , questioned VVD interpretations NNS of IN papal JJ infallibility NN . SENT The DT latter NN , , Curran NP , , disagreed VVD with IN the DT ruling NN in IN Paul NP VI's NP 1968 CD encyclical JJ Humanae NP Vitae NNS that WDT continued VVD the DT church NN s PP ban VVP on IN the DT use NN of IN artificial JJ contraception NN in IN marriage NN . SENT K NP ng NP and CC Curran NP , , however RB , , are VBP only RB the DT best RBS known JJ cases NNS . SENT Scores NNS of IN lesser JJR known JJ names NNS , , such JJ as IN Benedictine NP Zen NP master NN Fr NN . SENT Willigis NP J NP ger NP and CC Conventual JJ Franciscan JJ theologian NN Fr NN . SENT Josef NP Imbach NP , , drew VVD similar JJ fates NNS . SENT Under IN John NP Paul NP , , the DT list NN of IN thinkers NNS who WP were VBD investigated VVN and CC silenced VVD , , whose WP$ books NNS had VHD to TO be VB revised VVN or CC whose WP$ teaching NN careers NNS were VBD interrupted VVN , , was VBD sprawling VVG . SENT At IN least JJS four CD Catholic JJ leaders NNS from IN Brazil NP alone RB were VBD gagged VVN , , including VVG a DT bishop NN , , Dom NP Pedro NP Casaldaliga NP . SENT A DT sample NN drawn VVN from IN the DT galaxy NN of IN Catholic JJ thinkers NNS who WP felt VVD the DT pope NN s PP lash VVP might MD include VV . SENT Brazilian JJ liberation NN theologian NN Leonardo NP Boff NP . SENT Belgian JJ expert NN on IN religious JJ pluralism NN Jesuit NN Fr NN . SENT Jacques NP Dupuis NP . SENT Brazilian JJ feminist JJ Sr NP . SENT Ivone NP Gebara NP . SENT American NP Christologist NP Jesuit NP Fr NP . SENT Roger NP Haight NP . SENT Spanish JJ moral JJ theologian NN Redemptorist NP Fr NP . SENT Marciano NP Vidal NP . SENT Austrian JJ scripture NN expert NN Fr NN . SENT Reinhard NP Messner NP . SENT and CC Indian NP East NP West NP dialogue NN advocate NN Jesuit NP Fr NP . SENT Anthony NP de NP Mello NP in IN this DT case NN , , 10 CD years NNS after IN de NP Mello NP s PP death NN . SENT Of IN course NN , , this DT list NN is VBZ of IN instances NNS in IN which WDT the DT pope NN set NN limits NNS . SENT Supporters NNS would MD argue VV that IN within IN those DT limits NNS , , John NP Paul NP stimulated VVN great JJ intellectual JJ ferment NN and CC evangelical JJ zeal NN . SENT Cases NNS when WRB the DT Vatican NP disciplines VVZ a DT theologian NN always RB make VV news NN . SENT cases NNS when WRB theologians NNS inspired VVD by IN the DT pope NN s PP witness NN produce VV dynamic JJ works NNS of IN orthodox NN thought VVD rarely RB do VV . SENT Viewed VVN in IN encapsulated VVN form NN from IN a DT variety NN of IN perspectives NNS , , this DT pope NN emerges VVZ first JJ as IN an DT evangelist NN , , as IN a DT teacher NN and CC as IN a DT phenomenon NN seen VVN and CC heard VVN in IN person NN by IN more JJR people NNS than IN any DT other JJ pope NN or CC public JJ figure NN in IN history NN . SENT John NP Paul NP was VBD willing JJ to TO accept VV the DT strains NNS of IN constant JJ travel NN in IN order NN to TO bring VV the DT papacy NN to TO the DT people NNS . SENT He PP spent VVD approximately RB 10 CD percent NN of IN his PP$ pontificate NN on IN the DT road NN . SENT This DT wanderlust NN brought VVD criticism NN . SENT The DT constant JJ media NNS exposure NN made VVD John NP Paul NP in IN effect NN the DT bishop NN of IN the DT world NN rather RB than IN of IN Rome NP , , leaving VVG the DT other JJ bishops NNS of IN the DT world NN often RB wondering VVG what WP their PP$ role NN was VBD . SENT A DT constant JJ joke NN during IN the DT John NP Paul NP years NNS was VBD that IN the DT other JJ bishops NNS were VBD glorified VVN altar NN boys NNS . SENT Hundreds NNS of IN millions NNS of IN Catholics NPS around IN the DT world NN felt VVD a DT personal JJ connection NN with IN the DT pope NN , , when WRB many JJ could MD not RB pick VV their PP$ own JJ bishop NN out IN of IN a DT lineup NN . SENT John NP Paul NP believed VVD the DT travel NN was VBD necessary JJ to TO vivify VV the DT worldwide JJ unity NN of IN the DT Catholic NP church NN , , especially RB by IN awakening VVG a DT sense NN of IN the DT universal JJ church NN over IN against IN what WP he PP felt VVD was VBD a DT one NN sided VVD emphasis NN on IN the DT local JJ church NN following VVG Vatican NP II NP . SENT For IN one CD entire JJ year NN , , John NP Paul NP also RB brought VVD the DT world NN to TO him PP . SENT The DT Great NP Jubilee NP Year NN of IN 2000 CD , , seen VVN by IN the DT pope NN as IN a DT quasi NP mystical JJ moment NN in IN salvation NN history NN , , played VVD out RP in IN Rome NP as IN one CD long JJ series NN of IN papal JJ spectaculars NNS . SENT More JJR than IN 24 CD million CD people NNS visited VVD the DT Eternal JJ City NN during IN the DT year NN , , with IN two CD million CD washing NN through IN Rome NP in IN mid JJ August NP for IN World NP Youth NP Day NP . SENT In IN addition NN to TO offering VVG himself PP to TO the DT world NN s PP Catholics NPS , , John NP Paul NP also RB gave VVD them PP saints VVZ 82 CD in IN all DT , , plus CC 1 CD , , 338 CD beatifications NNS , , more JJR than IN all PDT his PP$ predecessors NNS combined VVN . SENT He PP broadened VVD the DT geographic JJ and CC ethnic JJ diversity NN of IN the DT canon NN and CC added VVD more JJR women NNS . SENT In IN an DT age NN in IN which WDT people NNS no RB longer RB have VH living JJ models NNS of IN integral JJ Catholic NP faith NN , , John NP Paul NP felt VVD , , these DT new JJ saints NNS would MD serve VV as IN worthy JJ examples NNS . SENT Whatever WDT the DT occasion NN , , John NP Paul NP felt VVD called VVN to TO link VV it PP to TO Christ NP , , to TO the DT Triune JJ God NP . SENT Starting VVG with IN his PP$ first JJ , , programmatic JJ encyclical JJ letter NN Redemptor NP Hominis NP 1979 CD , , he PP was VBD out RP to TO proclaim VV the DT Risen NP Christ NP . SENT John NP Paul NP and CC the DT West NP To TO read VV all DT parts NNS of IN this DT story NN , , click NN on IN these DT links NNS . SENT Attitude NN and CC Themes NNS John NP Paul NP and CC the DT West JJ Ecumenism NN and CC other JJ religions NNS Authentic JJ liberation NN World NP leader NN His PP$ Polishness NP Student NP , , priest NN , , scholar NN , , bishop NN Council NP , , father NN and CC pope NN Brother NN bishops NNS The DT pope NN as IN mystic NN A DT personal JJ summary NN Top JJ of IN Page NP The DT first JJ Slavic JJ pope NN always RB had VHD an DT uneasy JJ relationship NN with IN the DT dominant JJ global JJ cultures NNS of IN Western NP Europe NP and CC North NP America NP . SENT He PP admired VVD their PP$ embrace VV of IN human JJ rights NNS and CC democracy NN , , but CC was VBD shocked VVN by IN their PP$ idolatry NN of IN money NN , , their PP$ individualism NN and CC neglect NN of IN the DT world NN s PP poor JJ , , as RB well RB as IN their PP$ abandonment NN of IN traditional JJ moral JJ taboos VVZ . SENT He PP saw VVD the DT victory NN of IN pluralism NN in IN the DT West NP as IN too RB often RB a DT defeat NN for IN the DT truth NN . SENT One CD running VVG clash NN between IN John NP Paul NP and CC the DT West NP was VBD on IN women NNS . SENT The DT pope NN championed VVD an DT anthropological JJ concept NN called VVD complementarity NN . SENT The DT idea NN is VBZ that IN bodily JJ differences NNS give VVP men NNS and CC women NNS different JJ , , but CC equally RB important JJ , , roles NNS that WDT complete VV one PP another DT . SENT The DT concept NN was VBD employed VVN to TO support VV the DT ban NN on IN the DT ordination NN of IN women NNS to TO the DT priesthood NN , , and CC hence RB was VBD rejected VVN by IN Western JJ progressives NNS who WP saw VVD it PP as IN a DT smokescreen NN for IN patriarchy NN . SENT Yet CC some DT observers NNS believe VVP that DT complementarity NN offers VVZ untapped JJ resources NNS for IN justifying VVG a DT greater JJR role NN for IN women NNS in IN all DT areas NNS of IN church NN life NN , , if IN the DT female JJ perspective NN really RB is VBZ essential JJ to TO complete VV the DT masculine JJ . SENT Some DT futurists NNS even RB predict VVP that IN if IN the DT Catholic NP church NN does VVZ one CD day NN ordain VV women NNS , , John NP Paul NP will MD be VB the DT pope NN who WP created VVD the DT intellectual JJ basis NN for IN doing VVG so RB . SENT If IN so RB , , it PP would MD not RB be VB what WP he PP had VHD in IN mind NN . SENT In IN 1994 CD , , in IN Ordinatio NP Sacerdotalis NP , , he PP wanted VVD to TO close VV the DT theological JJ debate NN over IN women NNS priests NNS . SENT Gauged VVN by IN the DT volume NN of IN ongoing JJ debate NN there EX is VBZ even RB a DT Web NP site NN , , www NP . SENT womenpriests NNS . SENT org NP , , devoted VVN to TO the DT cause NN , , this DT was VBD perhaps RB the DT least JJS effective JJ ambition NN of IN his PP$ reign NN . SENT In IN 1979 CD , , an DT American JJ woman NN religious JJ , , Mercy NP Sr NP . SENT Teresa NP Kane NP , , president NN of IN the DT Leadership NN Conference NN of IN Women NNS Religious JJ , , in IN a DT welcoming VVG address NN , , urged VVD the DT pope NN to TO include VV half NN of IN humankind NN in IN all PDT the DT ministries NNS of IN the DT church NN . SENT John NP Paul NP s PP stony JJ silence NN in IN response NN became VVD a DT defining VVG moment NN for IN many JJ Catholic JJ women NNS . SENT Kane NP herself PP was VBD frozen VVN out RP of IN future JJ prominent JJ roles NNS in IN the DT church NN . SENT In IN 1999 CD , , during IN a DT lunch NN in IN the DT papal JJ apartments NNS , , John NP Paul NP asked VVD another DT American JJ sister NN to TO carry VV his PP$ regards NNS to TO Teresa NP Kane NP . SENT No DT public JJ rehabilitation NN , , however RB , , was VBD forthcoming JJ . SENT It PP should MD be VB noted VVN that IN John NP Paul NP s PP immovability NN on IN the DT ordination NN question NN did VVD not RB translate VV into IN a DT generalized VVN ambivalence NN about IN women NNS . SENT In IN Toronto NP in IN 2002 CD , , for IN example NN , , during IN World NP Youth NP Day NP , , papal JJ minions NNS tried VVD to TO scuttle VV a DT planned JJ meeting NN between IN the DT pope NN and CC the DT women NNS s PP religious JJ order NN that WDT had VHD hosted VVD him PP , , fearing VVG another DT Kane NP incident NN . SENT When WRB the DT organizer NN of IN the DT event NN asked VVD John NP Paul NP if IN he PP wanted VVD to TO meet VV the DT sisters NNS , , however RB , , his PP$ unhesitating JJ reply NN was VBD of IN course NN , , and CC the DT meeting NN went VVD ahead RB . SENT Nevertheless RB , , the DT Kane NP episode NN helped VVD forge VV John NP Paul NP s PP love VVP hate VV relationship NN with IN the DT United NP States NPS , , and CC the DT American NP Catholic NP church NN . SENT One PP can MD empathize VV with IN John NP Paul NP II NP as IN he PP tried VVD to TO come VV to TO terms NNS with IN the DT wealthy JJ , , vocal JJ , , organized JJ , , highly RB public JJ and CC periodically RB disputatious JJ U NP . SENT S NP . SENT Catholic NP church NN . SENT Statistics NNS make VVP the DT point NN . SENT The DT Vatican NP s PP annual JJ operating NN budget NN is VBZ 260 CD million CD , , smaller JJR than IN the DT annual JJ budget NN for IN the DT New NP York NP archdiocese NN alone RB . SENT Over IN two CD weekends NNS , , Sunday NP collections NNS in IN the DT U NP . SENT S NP . SENT bring VV in IN 226 CD million CD . SENT It PP would MD take VV American NP Catholics NPS exactly RB two CD weeks NNS , , in IN other JJ words NNS , , to TO fund VV the DT Holy NP See VV for IN an DT entire JJ year NN . SENT No DT wonder VVP Roman NP authorities NNS worry VVP about IN the DT American JJ church NN as IN a DT counterweight NN to TO their PP$ own JJ power NN . SENT To TO empathize VV is VBZ not RB necessarily RB to TO agree VV with IN how WRB John NP Paul NP responded VVD . SENT Given VVN his PP$ professorial JJ temperament NN and CC training NN , , his PP$ European JJ intellectualism NN and CC its PP$ accompanying JJ modicum NN of IN anti JJ Americanism NN , , the DT pope NN may MD have VH found VVN himself PP sympathizing VVG with IN Leo NP XIII NP who WP confronted VVN U NP . SENT S NP . SENT Catholics NPS and CC their PP$ Americanism NN . SENT Leo NP s VVZ 1899 CD apostolic JJ letter NN , , Testem NP benevolentiae NNS , , censured VVD a DT Catholic JJ Americanism NN that WDT would MD modify VV church NN doctrines NNS to TO suit VV modern JJ civilization NN , , to TO attract VV those DT not RB of IN the DT faith NN to TO the DT church NN , , passing VVG over IN some DT less JJR attractive JJ doctrines NNS and CC adapting VVG the DT church's JJ teachings NNS to TO popular JJ theories NNS and CC methods NNS . SENT John NP Paul NP remained VVD anti JJ American NP on IN questions NNS of IN war NN and CC peace NN , , critical JJ of IN the DT U NP . SENT S NP . SENT role NN as IN global JJ arms NNS salesman NN , , and CC was VBD appalled VVN at IN what WP Americans NNS do VVP with IN their PP$ wealth NN . SENT When WRB President NP George NP W NP . SENT Bush NP went VVD to TO war NN in IN Iraq NP in IN 2003 CD , , John NP Paul NP II NP became VVD the DT voice NN of IN the DT moral JJ opposition NN . SENT On IN cultural JJ issues NNS such JJ as IN gay JJ marriage NN and CC stem VV cell NN research NN , , the DT pope NN and CC Bush NP found VVD more RBR common JJ ground NN . SENT It PP was VBD precisely RB on IN those DT issues NNS , , however RB , , that IN relations NNS between IN the DT Vatican NP and CC President NP Bill NP Clinton NP had VHD been VBN distinctly RB frosty JJ . SENT The DT two CD waged VVD titanic JJ battles NNS over IN the DT Cairo NP Conference NP of IN the DT United NP Nations NPS on IN population NN control NN in IN 1994 CD , , and CC the DT Beijing NP Conference NN on IN women NNS in IN 1995 CD . SENT One CD illustrative JJ American JJ episode NN was VBD the DT disciplining VVG of IN Seattle NP Archbishop NN Raymond NP Hunthausen NP . SENT Long RB a DT target NN of IN right JJ wing NN Catholics NPS in IN his PP$ archdiocese NN and CC beyond RB , , Hunthausen NP was VBD fiercely RB criticized VVN for IN his PP$ outspoken JJ stand NN against IN nuclear JJ weapons NNS and CC his PP$ tolerance NN of IN homosexual JJ Catholics NPS . SENT Rome NP began VVD investigating VVG criticisms NNS regarding VVG Hunthausen's NP pastoral JJ ministry NN in IN 1983 CD . SENT In IN March NP 1985 CD , , John NP Paul NP named VVD Donald NP Wuerl NP a DT bishop NN to TO be VB assigned VVN to TO Seattle NP as IN an DT auxiliary JJ with IN special JJ faculties NNS . SENT At IN their PP$ November NP 1987 CD meeting NN , , the DT bishops NNS spent VVD hours NNS behind IN closed JJ doors NNS debating VVG the DT Hunthausen NP issue NN and CC confronting VVG then RB papal JJ nuncio NN , , Archbishop NN Pio NP Laghi NP . SENT Eventually RB , , with IN a DT fair JJ amount NN of IN behind IN the DT scenes NNS effort NN by IN the DT late JJ Cardinal NP Joseph NP Bernardin NP of IN Chicago NP , , the DT American JJ bishops NNS were VBD able JJ to TO pull VV off RP an DT American JJ solution NN . SENT Hunthausen NP s PP full JJ authority NN was VBD restored VVN , , Wuerl NP was VBD sent VVN off RP to TO Pittsburgh NP , , and CC Thomas NP Murphy NP was VBD appointed VVN coadjutor NN and CC eventually RB took VVD over IN when WRB Hunthausen NP retired VVD in IN 1991 CD . SENT During IN the DT later JJR stages NNS of IN his PP$ pontificate NN , , the DT gulf NN between IN John NP Paul NP and CC the DT mainstream NN of IN the DT American JJ church NN was VBD again RB reflected VVN in IN the DT struggle NN over IN Ex JJ Corde NP Ecclesiae NNS , , his PP$ 1990 CD pastoral JJ letter NN on IN Catholic JJ colleges NNS . SENT In IN it PP the DT pope NN expressed VVD concern NN that IN Catholic NP universities NNS were VBD becoming VVG gradually RB secularized VVN . SENT Most RBS controversially RB , , he PP asked VVD that IN Canon NP 812 NP be VB enforced VVN , , which WDT requires VVZ that DT bishops NNS approve VVP teachers NNS of IN theology NN . SENT American JJ academics NNS protested VVD , , arguing VVG that IN both DT academic JJ freedom NN and CC some DT kinds NNS of IN federal JJ funding NN could MD be VB imperiled VVN under IN a DT literal JJ interpretation NN of IN the DT pope's JJ requirements NNS . SENT In IN 1996 CD the DT U NP . SENT S NP . SENT bishops NNS passed VVD a DT compromise NN plan NN , , which WDT was VBD vetoed VVN in IN Rome NP . SENT In IN 1999 CD , , they PP adopted VVD a DT set NN of IN rules NNS more JJR to TO Rome NP s PP liking VVG . SENT American NP Catholics NPS in IN turn NN had VHD mixed VVN views NNS of IN the DT pope NN . SENT Most JJS were VBD happy JJ to TO welcome VV him PP as IN a DT pope NN and CC leader NN of IN their PP$ church NN , , yet CC some DT were VBD unwilling JJ to TO follow VV his PP$ teaching NN on IN issues NNS of IN sexuality NN and CC the DT role NN of IN women NNS . SENT As IN the DT pope NN s PP trip NN planner NN and CC trusted VVD aide NN , , Jesuit NP Cardinal NP Roberto NP Tucci NP , , once RB put VV it PP . SENT I PP have VHP the DT impression NN they PP like VVP the DT singer NN , , but CC not RB the DT song NN . SENT Ecumenism NN and CC other JJ religions NNS To TO read VV all DT parts NNS of IN this DT story NN , , click NN on IN these DT links NNS . SENT Attitude NN and CC Themes NNS John NP Paul NP and CC the DT West JJ Ecumenism NN and CC other JJ religions NNS Authentic JJ liberation NN World NP leader NN His PP$ Polishness NP Student NP , , priest NN , , scholar NN , , bishop NN Council NP , , father NN and CC pope NN Brother NN bishops NNS The DT pope NN as IN mystic NN A DT personal JJ summary NN Top JJ of IN Page NP John NP Paul NP was VBD inarguably RB an DT ecumenical JJ pope NN . SENT His PP$ 1995 CD encyclical NN , , Ut NP Unum NP Sint NP , , is VBZ recognized VVN as IN a DT charter NN of IN the DT movement NN for IN Christian JJ unity NN . SENT The DT pope NN s PP personal JJ commitment NN to TO unity NN even RB sometimes RB pushed VVN ahead RB of IN the DT theology NN . SENT on IN several JJ occasions NNS , , for IN example NN , , he PP gave VVD pectoral NN crosses VVZ to TO visiting VVG Anglican NP bishops NNS , , even RB though IN technically RB Catholic JJ theology NN does VVZ not RB recognize VV the DT validity NN of IN their PP$ ordinations NNS . SENT John NP Paul NP reached VVD out RP to TO the DT Orthodox NP more RBR than IN the DT Reformation NN churches NNS in IN the DT West NP . SENT He PP spoke VVD often RB of IN the DT need NN for IN Christianity NN to TO breathe VV with IN both DT lungs NNS . SENT He PP made VVD a DT special JJ point NN of IN trying VVG to TO improve VV relations NNS with IN the DT Russian JJ Orthodox NP church NN , , seeing VVG it PP as IN the DT key NN to TO putting VVG Eastern JJ and CC Western JJ Christianity NN back RB together RB again RB . SENT His PP$ hopes NNS were VBD , , however RB , , largely RB dashed VVN . SENT The DT Orthodox NP apparently RB feared VVD being NN swamped VVN by IN papal JJ primacy NN more RBR than IN they PP welcomed VVD doctrinal JJ solidarity NN , , and CC the DT pope NN s PP long RB cherished JJ dream NN of IN a DT trip NN to TO Moscow NP went VVD unrealized JJ . SENT When WRB it PP came VVD to TO non JJ Christian JJ religions NNS , , John NP Paul NP wanted VVD good JJ relations NNS but CC not RB at IN the DT price NN of IN doctrinal JJ confusion NN . SENT His PP$ criticism NN of IN Buddhism NN s PP extreme JJ negativity NN offered VVN in IN the DT 1994 CD book NN Crossing VVG the DT Threshold NN of IN Hope NP , , for IN example NN , , arose VVD from IN his PP$ unwillingness NN to TO cloak NN his PP$ belief NN in IN the DT optimism NN of IN the DT resurrection NN for IN the DT sake NN of IN good JJ interreligious JJ manners NNS . SENT The DT comment NN possibly RB revealed VVD his PP$ fear NN , , too RB , , that IN the DT attractiveness NN of IN Asian JJ spirituality NN would MD lure VV people NNS away RB from IN their PP$ Christian JJ roots NNS . SENT That DT was VBD certainly RB a DT concern NN shared VVN by IN his PP$ Vatican JJ aides NNS , , especially RB Ratzinger NP . SENT On IN the DT other JJ hand NN , , John NP Paul NP convened VVD interreligious JJ summits NNS in IN Assisi NP three CD times NNS , , in IN 1986 CD , , 1993 CD and CC 2002 CD . SENT Each DT time NN he PP did VVD so RB over IN stern JJ opposition NN from IN conservatives NNS , , including VVG some DT in IN the DT Vatican NP . SENT He PP also RB expanded VVD the DT boundaries NNS of IN Catholic JJ doctrine NN on IN religious JJ pluralism NN . SENT Vatican NP II NP had VHD been VBN the DT first JJ council NN to TO speak VV positively RB of IN other JJ world NN religions NNS , , praising VVG them PP for IN elements NNS of IN truth NN and CC grace VV they PP contain VV . SENT But CC the DT council NN did VVD not RB explain VV how WRB those DT elements NNS of IN truth NN and CC grace NN got VVD there RB , , whether IN they PP reflected VVD divine JJ inspiration NN or CC were VBD simply RB the DT fruits NNS of IN a DT human JJ search NN for IN God NP . SENT John NP Paul NP opted VVD firmly RB for IN the DT first JJ solution NN , , speaking VVG dozens NNS of IN times NNS about IN how WRB the DT Holy NP Spirit NP works VVZ in IN and CC through IN all DT of IN humanity NN s PP religious JJ systems NNS . SENT The DT pope NN s PP record JJ on IN this DT point NN is VBZ an DT enormous JJ , , and CC little RB appreciated VVN , , contribution NN to TO Catholic JJ theology NN . SENT The DT conflict NN between IN John NP Paul NP s PP outlook NN and CC the DT more JJR pluralistic JJ instincts NNS of IN Asia NP was VBD on IN clear JJ display NN during IN the DT 1997 CD Synod NN for IN Asia NP , , when WRB the DT Catholic JJ bishops NNS of IN Asia NP challenged VVD the DT Vatican NP over IN its PP$ insistence NN on IN unwavering VVG proclamation NN of IN Christ NP as IN the DT sole JJ and CC universal JJ savior NN . SENT In IN the DT context NN of IN Asian JJ religious JJ diversity NN , , the DT bishops NNS replied VVD , , a DT dialogue NN of IN service NN is VBZ the DT only RB fruitful JJ way NN to TO start VV a DT conversation NN . SENT Perhaps RB the DT least JJS successful JJ of IN John NP Paul NP s PP travels VVZ came VVD in IN Asia NP . SENT During IN his PP$ November NP 1999 CD visit NN to TO India NP , , for IN example NN , , the DT pope NN took VVD the DT occasion NN to TO call VV for IN what WP seemed VVD a DT program NN of IN proselytism NN . SENT Just RB as IN the DT first JJ millennium NN saw VVD the DT cross NN firmly RB planted VVN in IN the DT soil NN of IN Europe NP , , and CC the DT second NN in IN that DT of IN America NP and CC Africa NP , , so RB may MD the DT third JJ Christian JJ millennium NN witness NN a DT great JJ harvest NN of IN faith NN on IN this DT vast JJ and CC vital JJ continent NN , , he PP said VVD . SENT The DT country NN s PP Hindu NP majority NN was VBD insulted VVN , , especially RB given VVN that IN papal JJ planners NNS had VHD scheduled VVN John NP Paul NP s PP Mass NP on IN the DT same JJ day NN as IN the DT festival NN of IN Diwali NP , , the DT most RBS important JJ Hindu NP celebration NN of IN the DT year NN . SENT Authentic JJ liberation NN To TO read VV all DT parts NNS of IN this DT story NN , , click NN on IN these DT links NNS . SENT Attitude NN and CC Themes NNS John NP Paul NP and CC the DT West JJ Ecumenism NN and CC other JJ religions NNS Authentic JJ liberation NN World NP leader NN His PP$ Polishness NP Student NP , , priest NN , , scholar NN , , bishop NN Council NP , , father NN and CC pope NN Brother NN bishops NNS The DT pope NN as IN mystic NN A DT personal JJ summary NN Top JJ of IN Page NP John NP Paul NP II NP laid VVD out RP his PP$ priorities NNS on IN his PP$ first JJ major JJ foreign JJ trip NN , , to TO Puebla NP , , Mexico NP , , in IN January NP 1979 CD , , for IN a DT meeting NN of IN the DT bishops NNS conferences NNS of IN Latin NP America NP , , a DT trip NN originally RB scheduled VVN by IN Paul NP VI NP . SENT At IN Puebla NP , , John NP Paul NP criticized VVD liberation NN theology NN , , a DT theological JJ movement NN that WDT sought VVD to TO place VV the DT church NN on IN the DT side NN of IN the DT poor JJ in IN their PP$ struggle NN for IN justice NN . SENT According VVG to TO its PP$ critics NNS , , liberation NN theology NN provided VVD cover VV for IN radical JJ priests NNS and CC laity NN to TO side NN with IN Marxist JJ revolutionary JJ movements NNS . SENT Its PP$ proponents NNS saw VVD liberation NN theology NN as IN Latin NP America NP s PP way NN of IN translating VVG Vatican NP II NP into IN action NN . SENT If IN siding NN with IN the DT joys NNS and CC hopes NNS of IN the DT poor NN as RB called VVD for IN by IN Gaudium NP et NP Spes NP , , the DT culminating VVG text NN of IN Vatican NP II NP meant VVD anything NN , , they PP felt VVD , , it PP meant VVD working VVG for IN justice NN . SENT John NP Paul NP clearly RB wanted VVD the DT church NN on IN the DT side NN of IN social JJ justice NN , , but CC at IN the DT same JJ time NN he PP thought VVD liberation NN theology NN was VBD a DT distortion NN . SENT The DT liberation NN proposed VVN by IN the DT church NN , , he PP said VVD , , is VBZ the DT authentic JJ liberation NN of IN man NN as IN distinct JJ from IN re NN readings NNS of IN the DT gospel NN . SENT These DT re NN readings NNS cause VVP confusion NN by IN diverging VVG from IN the DT central JJ criteria NNS of IN the DT faith NN of IN the DT church NN , , and CC some DT people NNS have VHP the DT effrontery NN to TO pass VV them PP on IN , , under IN the DT guise NN of IN catechesis NN , , to TO the DT Christian JJ communities NNS . SENT From IN implying VVG that DT liberation NN theology NN was VBD inauthentic JJ , , he PP went VVD on IN to TO discipline NN people NNS risking VVG their PP$ lives NNS or CC careers NNS to TO bring VV to TO Latin NP America NP the DT freedoms NNS he PP himself PP wanted VVD for IN Poland NP . SENT Shabby JJ papal JJ treatment NN of IN El NP Salvador NP s PP martyr NN archbishop NN Oscar NP Romero NP is VBZ only RB the DT best RBS known JJ example NN . SENT Biographer NN Jonathan NP Kwitny NP notes VVZ that IN the DT pope NN s PP aides NNS had VHD actually RB planned VVN to TO remove VV Romero NP , , a DT very RB public JJ sign NN of IN disapproval NN , , but CC did VVD not RB have VH time NN to TO implement VV their PP$ plan NN before IN he PP was VBD assassinated VVN on IN March NP 24 CD , , 1980 CD . SENT The DT cardinal JJ sin NN of IN the DT liberationists NNS , , many JJ church NN observers NNS believe VVP , , is VBZ that IN they PP also RB talked VVD about IN liberation NN inside IN the DT church NN . SENT Franciscan JJ Leonardo NP Boff NP , , who WP eventually RB resigned VVD from IN the DT priesthood NN under IN the DT weight NN of IN Vatican JJ harassment NN , , called VVN in IN his PP$ book NN Church NP , , Charism NN and CC Power NN for IN class NN struggle NN inside IN Catholicism NN to TO redistribute VV authority NN . SENT It PP was VBD not RB a DT prescription NN destined VVN to TO make VV John NP Paul NP happy JJ . SENT Nevertheless RB , , there EX was VBD always RB an DT undercurrent NN of IN ambivalence NN in IN John NP Paul NP about IN the DT liberationists NNS . SENT Indeed RB , , when WRB Ratzinger NP dealt VVD a DT body NN blow NN with IN a DT harsh JJ 1984 CD text NN , , the DT pope NN asked VVD him PP to TO prepare VV a DT more RBR positive JJ follow VV up RP document NN . SENT The DT result NN was VBD 1986 CD s NN Instruction NN on IN Christian NP Freedom NP and CC Liberation NP , , in IN which WDT the DT Catholic JJ church NN , , for IN the DT first JJ time NN in IN a DT magisterial JJ document NN , , adopted VVD the DT phrase NN integral JJ salvation NN to TO describe VV the DT redemption NN won VVD by IN Jesus NP Christ NP . SENT Catholicism NN now RB has VHZ a DT broader JJR concept NN of IN salvation NN , , one NN that WDT encompasses VVZ soul NN and CC body NN , , individual JJ and CC social JJ existence NN . SENT It PP would MD be VB difficult JJ to TO identify VV a DT doctrine NN closer RBR to TO the DT core NN of IN the DT apostolic JJ tradition NN than IN salvation NN , , and CC hence RB John NP Paul NP must MD be VB assigned VVN significant JJ credit NN for IN prompting VVG this DT development NN . SENT World NN leader NN To TO read VV all DT parts NNS of IN this DT story NN , , click NN on IN these DT links NNS . SENT Attitude NN and CC Themes NNS John NP Paul NP and CC the DT West JJ Ecumenism NN and CC other JJ religions NNS Authentic JJ liberation NN World NP leader NN His PP$ Polishness NP Student NP , , priest NN , , scholar NN , , bishop NN Council NP , , father NN and CC pope NN Brother NN bishops NNS The DT pope NN as IN mystic NN A DT personal JJ summary NN Top JJ of IN Page NP The DT 12 CD th NN century NN s PP Pope NP Alexander NP III NP , , said VVD Voltaire NP , , was VBD concerned VVN with IN the DT restoration NN of IN people NNS s PP rights NNS and CC the DT repression NN of IN rulers NNS wrongdoings NNS . SENT As IN such JJ , , Voltaire NP regarded VVD Alexander NP as IN not RB merely RB the DT man NN of IN the DT 12 CD th NN century NN , , but CC the DT most RBS important JJ pope NN in IN the DT Middle NP Ages NPS . SENT Match VV John NP Paul NP s PP dueling VVG with IN Polish NP President NP Wojciech NP Jaruzelski NP with IN Alexander NP battling VVG the DT Emperor NN Barbarossa NP , , and CC the DT place NN in IN history NN of IN this DT truly RB political JJ pope NN is VBZ obvious JJ . SENT John NP Paul NP II NP intervened VVD in IN the DT world NN and CC internal JJ affairs NNS of IN other JJ nations NNS with IN determination NN . SENT He PP followed VVD his PP$ own JJ line NN , , whether IN it PP was VBD in IN wagging VVG his PP$ finger NN at IN Nicaragua NP s PP minister NN of IN culture NN , , Fr NP . SENT Ernesto NP Cardenal NP , , or CC rebuking VVG Cubans NPS on IN abortion NN . SENT Hauteur NN , , or CC chutzpah NN . SENT At IN every DT opportunity NN he PP pushed VVD for IN personal JJ freedoms NNS , , of IN assembly NN , , of IN religion NN , , of IN elections NNS . SENT At IN a DT time NN when WRB social JJ justice NN concepts NNS in IN Western JJ democracies NNS went VVD into IN sharp JJ decline NN in IN the DT era NN of IN Reagan NP , , Thatcher NP and CC Kohl NP , , John NP Paul NP was VBD frequently RB a DT lone JJ figure NN internationally RB , , demanding VVG rights NNS for IN the DT oppressed VVN , , food NN for IN the DT hungry JJ , , and CC sustenance NN and CC developmental JJ aid NN for IN poor JJ nations NNS . SENT Some DT right JJ wing NN American NP Catholic NP intellectuals NNS , , aiming VVG to TO reconcile VV free JJ market NN logic NN with IN Catholic JJ teaching NN , , tried VVD time NN and CC again RB to TO bring VV the DT pope NN along RB . SENT Though IN his PP$ statements NNS on IN economic JJ matters NNS were VBD occasionally RB slippery JJ enough RB to TO give VV the DT spin NN doctors NNS hope VVP , , John NP Paul NP s PP heart RB was VBD truly RB with IN capitalism NN s PP critics NNS . SENT Italian JJ historian NN Andrea NP Riccardi NP , , founder NN of IN the DT Sant NP Egidio NP community NN , , recounts VVZ a DT July NP 22 CD , , 1979 CD , , conversation NN in IN which WDT the DT pope NN expressed VVD his PP$ own JJ view NN . SENT Look VV , , I PP can MD surely RB say VV by IN now RB that IN I PP ve RB got VVD the DT antibodies NNS to TO communism NN inside IN me PP . SENT But CC when WRB I PP think VVP of IN consumer NN society NN , , with IN all PDT its PP$ tragedies NNS , , I PP wonder VVP which WDT of IN the DT two CD systems NNS is VBZ better JJR . SENT Nor CC was VBD economic JJ philosophy NN the DT only JJ area NN in IN which WDT the DT pope NN could MD sound VV like IN a DT leftist JJ social JJ crusader NN . SENT During IN a DT period NN when WRB , , in IN the DT United NP States NP , , capital NN punishment NN became VVD a DT preferred JJ way NN of IN dealing VVG with IN certain JJ crimes NNS , , the DT pope NN could MD be VB relied VVN on IN to TO intervene VV . SENT At IN least JJS one CD inmate NN owes VVZ his PP$ life NN directly RB to TO John NP Paul NP . SENT convicted VVN killer NN Darrell NP Mease NP , , whose WP$ death NN sentence NN was VBD commuted VVN to TO life NN imprisonment NN by IN the DT governor NN of IN Missouri NP at IN the DT pope's JJ request NN during IN a DT 1999 CD visit NN to TO St NP . SENT Louis NP . SENT Indeed RB , , by IN the DT end NN of IN his PP$ reign NN John NP Paul NP loomed VVD as IN the DT globe NN s PP leading VVG opponent NN of IN capital NN punishment NN , , with IN Catholics NPS influenced VVN by IN the DT pope NN s PP teaching VVG speaking VVG worldwide RB as IN a DT voice NN for IN those DT condemned VVN to TO death NN . SENT It PP was VBD a DT remarkable JJ evolution NN in IN Catholic JJ teaching NN , , given VVN that IN the DT church NN since IN the DT fourth JJ century NN had VHD made VVN its PP$ peace NN with IN the DT death NN penalty NN , , and CC that IN as RB late JJ as IN 1868 CD a DT papal JJ executioner NN was VBD carrying VVG out RP executions NNS with IN the DT approval NN of IN the DT vicar NN of IN Christ NP in IN the DT heart NN of IN Rome NP . SENT During IN the DT lead NN up RB to TO the DT Iraq NP war NN in IN 2003 CD , , Pope NP John NP Paul NP and CC the DT Vatican NP were VBD fierce JJ critics NNS not RB just RB of IN that DT war NN , , but CC of IN the DT concept NN of IN preemptive JJ war NN in IN general NN . SENT The DT pope NN was VBD also RB an DT enthusiastic JJ , , though RB not RB uncritical JJ , , backer NN of IN the DT United NP Nations NPS and CC other JJ international JJ institutions NNS . SENT John NP Paul NP served VVD as IN a DT formidable JJ moral JJ voice NN in IN international JJ debates NNS as IN few JJ other JJ global JJ figures NNS of IN his PP$ time NN did VVD . SENT He PP elevated VVD the DT importance NN of IN the DT papacy NN s PP bully NN pulpit NN to TO an DT all DT time NN high NN , , and CC as IN such JJ stood VVD on IN the DT world NN stage NN alongside IN Reagan NP , , Thatcher NP , , Blair NP , , Clinton NP , , the DT Bushes NNS and CC Chirac NP and CC in IN many JJ ways NNS , , towered JJ over IN them PP all RB . SENT His PP$ Polishness NN To TO read VV all DT parts NNS of IN this DT story NN , , click NN on IN these DT links NNS . SENT Attitude NN and CC Themes NNS John NP Paul NP and CC the DT West JJ Ecumenism NN and CC other JJ religions NNS Authentic JJ liberation NN World NP leader NN His PP$ Polishness NP Student NP , , priest NN , , scholar NN , , bishop NN Council NP , , father NN and CC pope NN Brother NN bishops NNS The DT pope NN as IN mystic NN A DT personal JJ summary NN Top JJ of IN Page NP As IN a DT pastor NN in IN Poland NP just RB after IN the DT war NN Karol NP Wojtyla NP was VBD rigorous JJ , , but CC one CD on IN one CD kindly RB . SENT as IN a DT bishop NN he PP was VBD competent JJ and CC courageous JJ but CC not RB given VVN much RB to TO paperwork NN . SENT and CC as IN a DT pope NN he PP was VBD vigorous JJ and CC didactic JJ on IN church NN teaching NN . SENT In IN terms NNS of IN the DT church NN politics NNS of IN the DT immediate JJ pre NP and CC post VV Vatican NP II NP period NN in IN Poland NP , , Wojtyla NP was VBD seen VVN as RB on IN the DT liberal JJ wing NN , , as RB sternly RB orthodox JJ as IN the DT rest NN of IN Polish JJ Catholicism NN , , but CC with IN a DT cautious JJ opening NN to TO the DT learning NN of IN the DT West NP and CC a DT sincere JJ desire NN to TO purge VV the DT errors NNS of IN the DT past NN , , especially RB anti JJ Semitism NN , , from IN the DT soul NN of IN the DT Polish JJ church NN . SENT He PP was VBD a DT Polish JJ Romantic JJ in IN the DT early JJ 19 CD th NN century NN sense NN , , with IN the DT bitter JJ 20 CD th NN century NN awareness NN of IN a DT Poland NP betrayed VVN by IN the DT West NP including VVG by IN the DT papacy NN . SENT As IN a DT scholar NN he PP was VBD formidable JJ . SENT His PP$ works NNS are VBP ponderous JJ and CC pedantic JJ , , as IN a DT poet NN read VVN in IN translation NN elliptical JJ . SENT It PP is VBZ an DT error NN to TO fasten VV on IN to TO Karol NP Wojtyla NP s PP Polishness NP , , and CC then RB attribute VVP everything NN that WDT follows VVZ to TO it PP . SENT The DT actuality NN is VBZ more RBR complex JJ . SENT First RB the DT Polishness NN . SENT It PP is VBZ not RB an DT individual JJ trait NN , , but CC part NN of IN the DT national JJ conditioning NN . SENT Poland NP in IN Wojtyla NP s PP day NN was VBD divided VVN first RB between IN conquerors NNS Nazis NNS and CC conquered VVN . SENT later RBR between IN oppressors NNS communist JJ rulers NNS and CC oppressed VVN noncommunist NN Poles NNS in IN general JJ and CC Catholic JJ Poles NNS in IN particular JJ . SENT A DT century NN earlier RBR , , a DT similar JJ situation NN prevailed VVD in IN Poland NP , , only RB the DT names NNS of IN the DT conquerors NNS Czarist NN Russians NPS and CC their PP$ co NP opted VVD rulers NNS were VBD different JJ . SENT In IN Wojtyla NP s PP part NN of IN Poland NP , , there EX was VBD the DT Austrian JJ empire NN Wojtyla NN missed VVN being VBG born VVN a DT citizen NN of IN Austria NP s PP Hapsburg NP empire NN by IN only RB two CD years NNS . SENT Wojtyla NP s PP formation NN and CC conditioning NN came VVD from IN having VHG to TO survive VV under IN Nazism NN and CC communism NN . SENT The DT Polishness NN made VVN that IN survival NN possible JJ . SENT Poland NP was VBD a DT country NN held VVD together RB not RB by IN political JJ unity NN but CC by IN history NN and CC culture NN the DT language NN , , the DT church NN , , the DT arts NNS . SENT Karol NP Wojtyla NP was VBD first JJ and CC foremost RB a DT cosmopolitan JJ Slav NN who WP succeeded VVD according VVG to TO Polish JJ measures NNS of IN success NN . SENT The DT intellectual NN , , not RB the DT billionaire NN , , was VBD revered VVN . SENT Karol NP Josef NP Wojtyla NP was VBD born VVN May NP 18 CD , , 1920 CD baptized VVN June NP 20 CD , , in IN Wadowice NP , , in IN the DT Galicia NP region NN , , 30 CD miles NNS from IN Krak NP w NN . SENT It PP was VBD a DT city NN almost RB one CD third JJ Jewish NP where WRB interfaith NN relations NNS were VBD cordial JJ . SENT Wojtyla NP s VVZ closest JJS friends NNS were VBD Jews NNS and CC Catholics NPS . SENT Wojtyla NP was VBD ordained VVN a DT priest NN Nov NP . SENT 1 CD , , 1946 CD , , and CC he PP succeeded VVD again RB and CC again RB . SENT He PP was VBD a DT bishop NN at IN 37 CD auxiliary JJ of IN Krak NP w NN , , 1958 CD , , an DT archbishop NN at IN 43 CD Jan NP . SENT 13 CD , , 1964 CD , , a DT cardinal NN at IN 46 CD June NP 26 CD , , 1967 CD , , and CC pope NN at IN 58 CD Oct NP . SENT 16 CD , , 1978 CD . SENT The DT Polish JJ national JJ soul NN , , with IN liberation NN at IN its PP$ center NN , , was VBD a DT soul NN revitalized VVN and CC disciplined VVN inside IN the DT church NN , , and CC reinforced VVD outside IN the DT church NN by IN art NN and CC culture NN . SENT The DT culture NN ranged VVD from IN the DT poetry NN of IN Adam NP Mickiewicz NP and CC Juliusz NP Slowacki NP who WP in IN an DT 1848 CD poem NN predicted VVD a DT liberating VVG Slavic JJ Pope NP , , a DT brother NN of IN the DT people NNS to TO the DT heroic JJ Romantic JJ paintings NNS of IN artists NNS like IN Josef NP Brandt NP , , to TO the DT Christmas NP koleda NN or CC carols NNS set VVN to TO Tatra NP mountain NN folk NN music NN . SENT All PDT these DT elements NNS came VVD together RB in IN Wojtyla NP s PP first RB love VVP . SENT the DT theater NN , , itself PP regarded VVD as IN a DT tool NN of IN liberation NN and CC a DT means VVZ of IN cultural JJ survival NN . SENT His PP$ father NN , , Karol NP Wojtyla NP , , was VBD first RB a DT noncommissioned JJ officer NN in IN the DT ruling NN Austro NN Hungarian NP Empire's NP military JJ and CC then RB , , following VVG Austria's JJ defeat NN and CC the DT birth NN of IN a DT free JJ Poland NP , , a DT commissioned VVN officer NN in IN the DT Polish JJ army NN . SENT His PP$ mother NN was VBD Emilia NP Kaczorowska NP , , and CC Karol NP was VBD her PP$ third JJ child NN . SENT The DT oldest JJS child NN , , Edmund NP , , 14 CD years NNS Karol's NP senior JJ , , was VBD a DT doctor NN who WP died VVD at IN age NN 26 CD in IN 1932 CD from IN attending VVG to TO patients NNS during IN a DT scarlet JJ fever NN epidemic NN . SENT The DT Wojtyla NP daughter NN , , Olga NP , , died VVD in IN infancy NN in IN 1914 CD . SENT One CD release NN from IN the DT personal JJ intensity NN was VBD the DT outdoors RB . SENT He PP was VBD a DT skier NN and CC hiker NN , , accomplished VVN in IN a DT canoe NN . SENT His PP$ added JJ factor NN was VBD that IN his PP$ was VBD a DT superbly RB trained VVN intellect NN . SENT Karol NP attended VVD public JJ grammar NN and CC high JJ schools NNS , , was VBD an DT outstanding JJ student NN and CC a DT leading JJ actor NN at IN 15 CD in IN school NN dramatic JJ productions NNS . SENT All PDT this DT was VBD accomplished VVN by IN a DT child NN and CC young JJ adult NN in IN Poland NP under IN Nazism NN s PP heel NN when WRB fear NN , , and CC the DT genuine JJ possibility NN of IN deportation NN or CC death NN , , were VBD constant JJ companions NNS . SENT Student NN , , priest NN , , scholar NN , , bishop NN To TO read VV all DT parts NNS of IN this DT story NN , , click NN on IN these DT links NNS . SENT Attitude NN and CC Themes NNS John NP Paul NP and CC the DT West JJ Ecumenism NN and CC other JJ religions NNS Authentic JJ liberation NN World NP leader NN His PP$ Polishness NP Student NP , , priest NN , , scholar NN , , bishop NN Council NP , , father NN and CC pope NN Brother NN bishops NNS The DT pope NN as IN mystic NN A DT personal JJ summary NN Top JJ of IN Page NP The DT fact NN of IN Wojtyla NP s PP survival NN under IN Nazism NN and CC communism NN loses VVZ its PP$ dramatic JJ impact NN if IN it PP is VBZ regarded VVN only RB as IN a DT physical JJ survival NN . SENT His PP$ was VBD also RB an DT intellectual JJ survival NN . SENT He PP carried VVD the DT Polish JJ ideals NNS that WDT existed VVD before IN Nazism NN into IN the DT Poland NP that WDT succeeded VVD its PP$ communism NN . SENT Later RBR , , what WP the DT world NN witnessed VVN when WRB he PP went VVD up RP against IN regimes NNS criticizing VVG Marcos NP when WRB visiting VVG the DT Philippines NPS , , or CC the DT Castro NP government NN s VVZ abortion NN policies NNS during IN his PP$ 1998 CD Cuban JJ excursion NN was VBD a DT mind NN formed VVN in IN dislike NN of IN totalitarian JJ socialism NN . SENT As IN priest NN and CC bishop NN he PP understood VVD this DT communism NN from IN the DT inside NN . SENT That DT experience NN , , which WDT played VVD into IN his PP$ theology NN of IN freedom NN and CC justice NN , , formed VVD the DT man NN and CC directed VVD many JJ of IN his PP$ actions NNS . SENT It PP was VBD this DT knowledge NN that WDT provided VVD the DT actions NNS that WDT produced VVD his PP$ finest JJS accomplishments NNS , , supporting VVG the DT liberationist JJ Polish JJ trade NN union NN movement NN , , Solidarity NP , , and CC working VVG toward IN the DT defeat NN of IN the DT Polish JJ Communist NP Party NP s PP grip NN and CC , , by IN extension NN , , the DT Soviet NP Union NP s PP on IN the DT Polish JJ people NNS . SENT It PP was VBD his PP$ studious JJ response NN to TO Poland NP s PP prevailing VVG communism NN and CC clandestine JJ risk NN taking VVG ordaining VVG Czech JJ priests NNS that WDT later RBR produced VVD the DT formidable JJ opponent NN , , and CC the DT formidable JJ spokesman NN with IN the DT impressive JJ grasp NN of IN contemporary JJ politics NNS , , economics NNS , , sociology NN and CC philosophy NN . SENT The DT late JJ Peter NP Hebblethwaite NP , , writing VVG on IN the DT student NN to TO bishop NN period NN in IN Wojtyla's NP life NN , , said VVD the DT pope NN learned VVD tough JJ minded VVD independence NN the DT hard JJ way NN . SENT Just RB before IN World NP War NP II NP , , he PP was VBD a DT student NN at IN the DT famous JJ Jagellonian NP University NP in IN Krak NP w NN where WRB he PP studied VVD literature NN and CC tried VVD his PP$ hand NN at IN poetry NN . SENT He PP belonged VVD to TO the DT Rhapsodic JJ Theatre NP group NN . SENT They PP did VVD verse NN dramas NN on IN heroic JJ , , medieval JJ themes NNS from IN Polish JJ history NN , , sometimes RB in IN modern JJ dress NN , , and CC were VBD regarded VVN as IN avant JJ garde NN . SENT With IN the DT Nazi JJ invasion NN in IN 1939 CD , , the DT theater NN was VBD abolished VVN , , along RB with IN all DT other JJ signs NNS of IN cultural JJ life NN , , but CC the DT actors NNS continued VVD to TO perform VV in IN private JJ apartments NNS before IN groups NNS of IN 20 CD to TO 30 CD people NNS . SENT Wojtyla NP belonged VVD to TO the DT cultural JJ resistance NN movement NN . SENT As IN a DT young JJ man NN , , he PP worked VVD in IN the DT Belgian JJ owned JJ Solvay NP chemical NN factory NN , , partly RB to TO stay VV alive JJ , , partly RB to TO have VH a DT work NN permit NN , , for IN anyone NN caught VVN without IN one CD risked VVD deportation NN to TO the DT slave NN labor NN camps NNS . SENT In IN 1942 CD , , Wojtyla NP entered VVD the DT secret JJ seminary NN of IN Archbishop NN Adam NP Sapieha NP in IN Krak NP w NN . SENT As IN Nazi JJ round NN ups NNS increased VVD , , Wojtyla NP vanished VVD from IN his PP$ factory NN and CC was VBD not RB seen VVN again RB until IN after IN the DT war NN . SENT During IN that DT time NN he PP was VBD pursuing VVG his PP$ philosophical JJ studies NNS in IN the DT archbishop NN s PP residence NN . SENT This DT was VBD also RB a DT form NN of IN incarceration NN , , because IN for IN security NN reasons NNS they PP never RB left VVD the DT palace NN . SENT Ordained VVN in IN 1946 CD , , Wojtyla NP was VBD fortunate JJ to TO be VB granted VVN permission NN by IN the DT ruling NN communists NNS to TO exit VV to TO study VV in IN Rome NP . SENT At IN the DT Angelicum NP University NP his PP$ dissertation NN was VBD on IN John NP of IN the DT Cross NP , , a DT Counter NP Reformation NN Spanish JJ saint NN whose WP$ spiritual JJ treatises NNS would MD fuel VV Wojytla NP s PP own VVP mysticism NN . SENT Wojtyla NP was VBD denied VVN his PP$ doctorate NN because IN he PP could MD not RB afford VV to TO have VH his PP$ dissertation NN published VVD . SENT Later RBR , , at IN Poland NP s PP Catholic NP University NP of IN Lublin NP , , he PP gained VVD a DT doctorate NN for IN his PP$ work NN on IN Max NP Scheler NP , , a DT Catholic JJ philosopher NN with IN leanings NNS toward IN existentialism NN and CC phenomenology NN . SENT As IN pope NN , , John NP Paul NP had VHD a DT penchant NN for IN blending VVG traditional JJ Catholic JJ theology NN with IN the DT philosophical JJ insights NNS of IN the DT 20 CD th NN century NN , , especially RB the DT personalism NN of IN the DT phenomenologists NNS . SENT Many JJ Catholic NP traditionalists NNS were VBD critical JJ of IN John NP Paul NP for IN departing VVG from IN the DT tried JJ and CC true JJ system NN of IN neo NN Scholasticism NN , , another DT instance NN in IN which WDT the DT stereotype NN of IN a DT conservative JJ pope NN runs VVZ out RP of IN gas NN . SENT Wojtyla NP had VHD a DT special JJ fondness NN for IN young JJ people NNS , , including VVG young JJ married JJ couples NNS . SENT He PP spoke VVD with IN them PP frankly RB about RB married JJ love NN , , including VVG its PP$ sexual JJ aspect NN . SENT That DT period NN in IN his PP$ life NN later RBR flowered JJ during IN his PP$ pontificate NN in IN a DT remarkable JJ set NN of IN teachings NNS delivered VVN in IN general JJ audiences NNS about IN human JJ sexuality NN . SENT He PP spoke VVD openly RB and CC warmly RB about IN sexuality NN as IN a DT gift NN that WDT unites VVZ men NNS and CC women NNS in IN the DT depths NNS of IN their PP$ being NN . SENT Critics NNS said VVD that IN John NP Paul NP , , in IN refusing VVG to TO budge VV on IN issues NNS such JJ as IN birth NN control NN or CC homosexuality NN , , refused VVD to TO draw VV the DT conclusions NNS of IN his PP$ own JJ reasoning NN on IN human JJ dignity NN as IN the DT ultimate JJ basis NN of IN sexual JJ morality NN . SENT There EX is VBZ little JJ reason NN to TO believe VV , , as IN Kwitny NP has VHZ asserted VVN , , that IN Wojtyla NP actually RB wrote VVD Paul NP VI NP s PP encyclical JJ , , Humanae NP Vitae NNS . SENT There EX is VBZ every DT reason NN to TO believe VV that IN as IN Paul NP VI NP looked VVD around RP for IN support NN when WRB deciding VVG not RB to TO accept VV his PP$ Birth NN Control NP Commission NP s PP recommendation NN to TO permit VV artificial JJ contraception NN , , Wojtyla NP was VBD one CD of IN the DT few JJ publicly RB providing VVG it PP , , and CC supplying VVG Paul NP with IN letters NNS , , documents NNS and CC arguments NNS in IN support NN . SENT Wojtyla NP was VBD a DT member NN of IN the DT Birth NN Control NP Commission NP , , but CC not RB a DT reform NN minded VVD one CD . SENT He PP did VVD not RB attend VV a DT single JJ meeting NN . SENT As IN the DT cardinal NN of IN Krak NP w NN , , Wojtyla NP was VBD an DT effective JJ leader NN , , but CC hardly RB the DT wunderkind NN that IN biographer NN George NP Weigel NP describes VVZ . SENT Weigel NP asserts VVZ that IN Wojtyla NP was VBD one CD of IN the DT most RBS effective JJ diocesan JJ bishops NNS in IN the DT world NN , , in IN an DT example NN of IN the DT ex JJ post NN facto FW inflation NN of IN one CD s PP biography NN that WDT always RB occurs VVZ after IN a DT man NN becomes VVZ pope NN . SENT Council NP , , father NN and CC pope NN To TO read VV all DT parts NNS of IN this DT story NN , , click NN on IN these DT links NNS . SENT Attitude NN and CC Themes NNS John NP Paul NP and CC the DT West JJ Ecumenism NN and CC other JJ religions NNS Authentic JJ liberation NN World NP leader NN His PP$ Polishness NP Student NP , , priest NN , , scholar NN , , bishop NN Council NP , , father NN and CC pope NN Brother NN bishops NNS The DT pope NN as IN mystic NN A DT personal JJ summary NN Top JJ of IN Page NP Wojtyla NP kept VVD a DT low JJ profile NN under IN Stalinism NP and CC wrote VVD much RB of IN his PP$ published VVN poetry NN under IN a DT nom NN de FW plume NN . SENT Biographer NN Tad NP Szulc NP remarks VVZ the DT ever RB busy JJ Wojtyla NP also RB wrote VVD poetry NN throughout IN the DT first JJ session NN of IN the DT Vatican NP Council NP . SENT After IN the DT council NN ended VVD , , he PP published VVD a DT cycle NN of IN poems NNS about IN the DT experience NN . SENT His PP$ literary JJ output NN from IN this DT period NN also RB includes VVZ Love NN and CC Responsibility NN , , on IN sexual JJ and CC marital JJ ethics NNS , , and CC Person NP and CC Act NP , , a DT philosophical JJ reflection NN on IN the DT human JJ condition NN . SENT Kwitny NP tells VVZ of IN a DT Polish JJ episcopacy NN meeting NN at IN which WDT Wojtyla NP was VBD reading VVG at IN the DT rear NN of IN the DT room NN while IN Cardinal NP Stefan NP Wyszynski NP , , the DT absolute JJ monarch NN of IN the DT Polish JJ church NN , , conducted VVD the DT meeting NN . SENT Wyszynski NP , , eyeing VVG Wojtyla NP still RB reading VVG , , abruptly RB called VVD on IN him PP to TO summarize VV . SENT Wojtyla NP did VVD , , flawlessly RB . SENT The DT first JJ council NN session NN opened VVD on IN Oct NP . SENT 11 CD , , 1963 CD . SENT Wojtyla NP was VBD there RB with IN a DT distinct JJ advantage NN over IN many JJ of IN the DT 2 CD , , 860 CD council NN fathers NNS . SENT his PP$ Latin NP was VBD superb JJ . SENT He PP spoke VVD up RP on IN questions NNS of IN the DT liturgy NN and CC submitted VVD written VVN interventions NNS on IN issues NNS of IN social JJ communications NNS . SENT Without IN attributing VVG any DT of IN its PP$ faults NNS to TO Wojtyla NP , , one CD council NN expert NN later RBR described VVD the DT Decree NN on IN the DT Means NP of IN Social NP Communications NPS approved VVD at IN the DT second JJ session NN as IN a DT third JJ rate NN constitution NN written VVN by IN second JJ rate NN minds NNS on IN a DT first JJ rate NN topic NN . SENT Active JJ in IN the DT committees NNS that WDT drafted VVD Gaudium NP et NP Spes NP the DT Constitution NP on IN the DT Church NP in IN the DT Modern NP World NP Wojtyla NP had VHD his PP$ first JJ opportunity NN , , as IN Szulc NP states NNS , , to TO present VV his PP$ social JJ philosophy NN before IN a DT world NN forum NN . SENT The DT modern JJ world NN is VBZ new JJ in IN good JJ and CC it PP is VBZ new JJ in IN evil NN . SENT It PP contains VVZ new JJ values NNS but CC also RB new JJ crises NNS . SENT It PP is VBZ a DT world NN of IN new JJ closeness NN between IN people NNS and CC nations NNS , , but CC at IN the DT same JJ time NN , , a DT world NN that WDT is VBZ threatening JJ and CC dangerous JJ in IN a DT new JJ way NN for IN each DT person NN and CC entire JJ societies NNS . SENT It PP is VBZ a DT world NN of IN progress NN and CC luxury NN in IN which WDT the DT majority NN of IN humanity NN suffers VVZ simultaneously RB from IN hunger NN . SENT Wojtyla NP was VBD the DT only JJ speaker NN at IN the DT council NN to TO address VV the DT basilica NN Venerable NP Fathers NNS , , Brothers NPS and CC Sisters NNS , , recognizing VVG the DT women NNS auditors NNS . SENT During IN the DT final JJ session NN , , with IN the DT religious JJ declarations NNS on IN which WDT he PP d NN worked VVD approved VVN , , Wojtyla NP voted VVD against IN a DT formal JJ council NN condemnation NN of IN communism NN . SENT After IN Vatican NP II NP , , Wojtyla NP was VBD a DT frequent JJ participant NN in IN synods NNS of IN bishops NNS , , and CC was VBD often RB elected VVN to TO the DT post NN synodal NN council NN . SENT He PP was VBD popular JJ enough RB in IN certain JJ circles NNS that IN at IN least JJS some DT prominent JJ churchmen NNS thought VVD of IN him PP as IN a DT papabile NN , , or CC candidate NN to TO be VB pope NN . SENT On IN May NP 18 CD , , 1978 CD , , three CD months NNS before IN Paul NP VI NP died VVD , , Cardinal NP Jean NP Villot NP sponsored VVD a DT small JJ luncheon NN in IN honor NN of IN Wojtyla NP , , who WP was VBD in IN Rome NP celebrating VVG his PP$ 58 CD th NN birthday NN . SENT Villot NP pointed VVD at IN the DT young JJ Pole NN and CC said VVD something NN the DT others NNS present NN would MD later RBR recall VV as RB prophetic JJ . SENT Wojtyla NP , , he PP said VVD , , was VBD perhaps RB the DT only JJ candidate NN who WP could MD get VV two CD thirds NNS of IN the DT vote NN in IN a DT future JJ conclave NN . SENT Still RB , , going VVG into IN the DT second JJ conclave NN of IN 1978 CD , , most JJS regarded VVN Wojtyla NP or CC any DT non JJ Italian JJ as IN a DT long JJ shot NN . SENT Cardinal NP Franz NP K NP nig NP of IN Vienna NP was VBD one CD of IN the DT grand JJ electors NNS of IN 1978 CD and CC the DT man NN who WP first RB proposed VVD Wojtyla NP after IN the DT conclave NN deadlocked VVN between IN Italian JJ heavyweights NNS Giovanni NP Bennelli NP and CC Giuseppe NP Siri NP . SENT K NP nig NP told VVD NCR NP in IN a DT 1999 CD interview NN at IN his PP$ residence NN that IN he PP is VBZ convinced VVN the DT other JJ cardinals NNS embraced VVD Wojtyla NP as IN a DT shot NN in IN the DT arm NN for IN the DT church NN behind IN the DT Iron NP Curtain NN , , and CC as IN a DT break NN with IN the DT Italian JJ monopoloy NN . SENT Beyond IN that DT , , K NP nig NP said VVD , , they PP really RB didn NN t NN know VVP what WP they PP were VBD getting VVG . SENT K NP nig NP said VVD he PP recalls VVZ vividly RB one CD cardinal NN walking VVG up RP to TO him PP after IN the DT voting NN was VBD over RP and CC asking VVG . SENT What WP have VHP we PP done VVN . SENT It PP was VBD not RB a DT rhetorical JJ question NN . SENT he PP really RB wanted VVD to TO know VV who WP the DT man NN they PP had VHD just RB elected VVN pope NN really RB was VBD . SENT Brother NN bishops NNS To TO read VV all DT parts NNS of IN this DT story NN , , click NN on IN these DT links NNS . SENT Attitude NN and CC Themes NNS John NP Paul NP and CC the DT West JJ Ecumenism NN and CC other JJ religions NNS Authentic JJ liberation NN World NP leader NN His PP$ Polishness NP Student NP , , priest NN , , scholar NN , , bishop NN Council NP , , father NN and CC pope NN Brother NN bishops NNS The DT pope NN as IN mystic NN A DT personal JJ summary NN Top JJ of IN Page NP Whatever WDT may MD be VB said VVN publicly RB , , John NP Paul NP II NP did VVD not RB endear VV himself PP to TO some DT of IN his PP$ brother NN bishops NNS , , either CC in IN the DT exercise NN of IN collegiality NN or CC in IN the DT way NN in IN which WDT he PP permitted VVD some DT Vatican JJ Congregations NNS in IN particular JJ , , and CC the DT Roman NP curia NN in IN general NN , , to TO deal VV with IN them PP . SENT To TO take VV the DT latter JJ point NN first RB . SENT This DT pontificate VV s PP relationship NN with IN the DT national JJ hierarchies NNS was VBD marred VVN by IN the DT manner NN in IN which WDT the DT Roman NP curia NN communicated VVD with IN the DT archbishops NNS and CC bishops NNS of IN the DT world NN . SENT Frequently RB the DT missives NNS , , often RB drafted VVN by IN subordinates NNS , , ranged VVN from IN the DT arrogant JJ to TO the DT impertinent JJ . SENT It PP was VBD not RB rare JJ for IN cardinals NNS to TO resent VV the DT tone NN of IN some DT letters NNS , , and CC a DT few JJ would MD remonstrate VV with IN department NN heads VVZ the DT next JJ time NN they PP were VBD in IN Rome NP . SENT The DT other JJ point NN , , collegiality NN , , is VBZ open JJ to TO considerable JJ interpretation NN . SENT Indisputably RB , , one CD goal NN of IN the DT council NN was VBD to TO change VV the DT distribution NN of IN power NN inside IN the DT church NN . SENT first JJ to TO ensure VV a DT system NN of IN balance NN between IN the DT needs NNS of IN the DT bishops NNS to TO be VB able JJ to TO act VV independently RB , , while IN still RB being VBG responsive JJ to TO the DT center NN . SENT next RB , , that IN all PDT the DT bishops NNS in IN concert NN with IN the DT pope NN would MD participate VV in IN the DT governance NN of IN the DT church NN . SENT Government NN in IN a DT collegial JJ church NN means VVZ the DT pope NN in IN consultation NN with IN the DT bishops NNS . SENT The DT bishops NNS in IN turn NN represent VVP the DT particular JJ needs NNS of IN their PP$ people NNS , , in IN their PP$ specific JJ place NN and CC era NN of IN historic JJ development NN as IN Christians NNS . SENT During IN John NP Paul NP II NP s PP reign NN , , some DT bishops NNS put VVP a DT good JJ gloss VVP on IN a DT poor JJ situation NN , , and CC others NNS didn NN t NN . SENT The DT truth NN was VBD that IN the DT imperial JJ papacy NN , , under IN construction NN since IN Pius NP IX NP in IN the DT 19 CD th NN century NN , , when WRB the DT popes NNS lost VVD the DT final JJ vestiges NNS of IN their PP$ temporal JJ authority NN , , reached VVD full JJ flower NN under IN John NP Paul NP II NP . SENT Using VVG TV NN and CC other JJ modern JJ means NNS of IN communication NN , , the DT pope NN and CC the DT Vatican NP injected VVD themselves PP into IN the DT daily JJ life NN of IN local JJ churches NNS in IN a DT way NN never RB before RB seen VVN . SENT To TO the DT pope NN , , collegiality NN meant VVD the DT synods NNS of IN bishops NNS . SENT Independent JJ these DT synods NNS were VBD not RB . SENT The DT agenda NN , , like IN the DT final JJ report NN , , was VBD always RB on IN the DT pope NN s PP terms NNS . SENT One CD Western JJ archbishop NN has VHZ argued VVN that IN a DT better JJR approach NN to TO collegiality NN could MD come VV from IN regular JJ and CC open JJ consultation NN by IN the DT pope NN with IN the DT presidents NNS of IN the DT national JJ hierarchies NNS who WP , , because IN they PP are VBP elected VVN , , would MD be VB representative JJ . SENT Over IN time NN , , a DT few JJ bishops NNS and CC cardinals NNS refused VVD to TO participate VV in IN the DT synods NNS because IN they PP saw VVD them PP as IN a DT sham NN . SENT The DT synods NNS , , these DT frustrated JJ prelates NNS said VVD , , offered VVD the DT appearance NN of IN consultation NN without IN its PP$ substance NN . SENT The DT 1998 CD papal JJ document NN Apostolos NP Suos NP put VVD an DT exclamation NN point NN on IN John NP Paul's NP centralizing VVG approach NN . SENT It PP said VVD that DT only JJ individual JJ bishops NNS in IN their PP$ dioceses NNS and CC all PDT the DT bishops NNS gathered VVN in IN a DT council NN have VHP teaching NN authority NN . SENT For IN a DT document NN of IN a DT bishops NNS conference NN to TO be VB binding VVG it PP must MD receive VV the DT unanimous JJ approval NN of IN the DT conference NN in IN which WDT case NN it PP shares VVZ in IN the DT authority NN of IN all PDT the DT individual JJ bishops NNS or CC it PP must MD be VB approved VVN by IN Rome NP in IN which WDT case NN it PP reflects VVZ the DT pope NN s PP authority NN . SENT The DT move NN was VBD clearly RB intended VVN to TO weaken VV bishops NNS conferences NNS as IN a DT counterpoint NN to TO Rome NP . SENT In IN a DT 1998 CD article NN in IN the DT English JJ periodical NN The DT Tablet NN , , K NP nig NP of IN Austria NP pulled VVD no DT punches NNS about IN the DT disjunction NN between IN John NP Paul NP s PP style NN and CC the DT vision NN of IN Vatican NP II NP . SENT In IN the DT post NN conciliar JJ period NN . SENT . SENT . SENT the DT Vatican NP authorities NNS have VHP striven VVN to TO take VV back RB autonomy NN and CC central JJ leadership NN for IN themselves PP . SENT . SENT . SENT . SENT The DT style NN of IN leadership NN of IN the DT universal JJ church NN which WDT is VBZ being VBG practiced VVN today NN is VBZ not RB entirely RB in IN keeping VVG with IN the DT council NN s PP intentions NNS . SENT Powerful JJ members NNS of IN the DT national JJ hierarchies NNS , , dealing VVG one CD on IN one CD with IN the DT pope NN , , said VVD they PP found VVD an DT excellent JJ host NN and CC an DT agreeable JJ listener NN . SENT But CC in IN other JJ Vatican JJ domains NNS , , they PP could MD equally RB find VV themselves PP dealt VVN with IN quite RB peremptorily RB on IN substantive JJ issues NNS . SENT In IN an DT otherwise RB sociable JJ setting NN , , one CD cardinal JJ archbishop NN , , bearer NN of IN a DT lengthy JJ report NN on IN Catholic JJ attitudes NNS in IN his PP$ country NN , , specifically RB asked VVD the DT pope NN to TO read VV just RB two CD pages NNS those DT on IN his PP$ national JJ flock NN s PP and CC clergy NN s PP reactions NNS to TO Humanae NP Vitae NNS . SENT The DT pope NN gestured VVD dismissively RB with IN his PP$ hand NN and CC murmured VVD , , yes UH , , yes UH in IN a DT manner NN that WDT indicated VVD it PP would MD never RB be VB done VVN . SENT On IN a DT lighter JJR note NN , , John NP Paul NP was VBD quite RB a DT character NN with IN his PP$ flair NN for IN languages NNS , , memory NN for IN faces NNS and CC incredibly RB detailed JJ recall NN of IN places NNS and CC events NNS . SENT A DT single JJ instance NN suffices VVZ . SENT In IN 1992 CD , , a DT group NN of IN American JJ priests NNS were VBD in IN a DT general JJ audience NN . SENT As IN the DT pope NN walked VVD along IN the DT line NN , , an DT accompanying JJ priest NN provided VVD the DT name NN of IN the DT priest NN being VBG introduced VVN and CC where WRB he PP was VBD from IN . SENT When WRB Msgr NP . SENT Wallace NP Harris NP of IN Harlem NP was VBD introduced VVN , , the DT pope NN asked VVD which WDT parish NN he PP was VBD from IN . SENT When WRB Harris NP said VVD St NP . SENT Charles NP Borromeo NP , , the DT pope NN spoke VVD of IN his PP$ own JJ visit NN there RB in IN 1979 CD . SENT Then RB he PP asked VVD what WP the DT parish NN had VHD done VVN with IN the DT three CD abandoned VVN buildings NNS on IN an DT adjoining JJ corner NN . SENT Harris NP said VVD they PP had VHD been VBN torn VVN down RP and CC low JJ income NN housing NN built VVD . SENT John NP Paul NP then RB asked VVD about IN the DT fate NN of IN a DT derelict JJ building NN across IN from IN the DT church NN . SENT Harris NP said VVD it PP was VBD now RB 69 CD units NNS for IN the DT elderly JJ named VVN the DT Pope NP John NP Paul NP II NP Center NP . SENT The DT pope NN pursed VVD his PP$ lips NNS in IN a DT wry JJ smile NN , , nodded VVN and CC moved VVN on IN . SENT The DT pope NN as IN mystic NN To TO read VV all DT parts NNS of IN this DT story NN , , click NN on IN these DT links NNS . SENT Attitude NN and CC Themes NNS John NP Paul NP and CC the DT West JJ Ecumenism NN and CC other JJ religions NNS Authentic JJ liberation NN World NP leader NN His PP$ Polishness NP Student NP , , priest NN , , scholar NN , , bishop NN Council NP , , father NN and CC pope NN Brother NN bishops NNS The DT pope NN as IN mystic NN A DT personal JJ summary NN Top JJ of IN Page NP There EX is VBZ no DT doubt NN about IN the DT depth NN and CC constancy NN of IN John NP Paul NP s PP personal JJ piety NN , , prayer NN and CC mysticism NN . SENT Few JJ popes NNS have VHP worn VVN their PP$ private JJ devotions NNS and CC spiritual JJ preferences NNS on IN the DT sleeve NN as IN John NP Paul NP did VVD . SENT As IN a DT young JJ man NN , , Karol NP Wojtyla NP considered VVD a DT vocation NN to TO the DT Carmelites NNS because IN of IN his PP$ attraction NN to TO the DT daring JJ , , passionately RB emotional JJ spirituality NN of IN John NP of IN the DT Cross NP and CC Teresa NP of IN Avila NP . SENT His PP$ mystical JJ streak NN gave VVD him PP a DT profound JJ conviction NN that IN his PP$ pontificate NN was VBD part NN of IN a DT larger JJR cosmic JJ drama NN , , at IN the DT heart NN of IN which WDT was VBD the DT apocalyptic JJ struggle NN of IN good JJ against IN evil NN . SENT At IN the DT heart NN of IN John NP Paul NP s PP spirituality NN was VBD a DT deep JJ devotion NN to TO the DT Virgin NP Mary NP . SENT Wojtyla NP chose VVD as IN the DT motto NN of IN his PP$ pontificate NN the DT Latin JJ phrase NN Totus NP Tuus NP , , drawn VVN from IN the DT spiritual JJ writings NNS of IN the DT French JJ author NN St NP . SENT Louis NP de NP Montfort NP . SENT In IN the DT third JJ post NN conciliar JJ version NN of IN the DT Roman NP Missal NN , , issued VVN in IN 2002 CD , , John NP Paul NP fixed VVN April NP 28 CD as IN a DT feast NN of IN de NP Montfort NP for IN the DT universal JJ church NN . SENT John NP Paul NP believed VVD Mary NP stood VVD watch NN over IN his PP$ pontificate NN , , most RBS notably RB in IN preserving VVG him PP from IN the DT assassination NN attempt NN on IN May NP 13 CD , , 1981 CD . SENT On IN a DT trip NN to TO Fatima NP the DT following VVG year NN , , the DT pope NN deposited VVD the DT bullet NN doctors NNS removed VVN from IN his PP$ body NN in IN the DT crown NN atop IN the DT statue NN of IN the DT Virgin NP . SENT During IN the DT Jubilee NP Year NN , , John NP Paul NP had VHD the DT bishops NNS of IN the DT world NN join VV him PP in IN a DT public JJ recitation NN of IN the DT rosary NN that WDT climaxed VVD with IN this DT statue NN being VBG carried VVN in IN triumphal JJ procession NN around IN St NP . SENT Peter NP s PP Square NP , , a DT gesture NN that IN some DT found VVN moving NN and CC others NNS excessive JJ . SENT Fatima NP is VBZ not RB the DT only JJ private JJ devotion NN of IN John NP Paul NP that WDT went VVD public JJ when WRB he PP became VVD pope NN . SENT The DT Catholic NP church NN now RB has VHZ a DT special JJ Mass NP dedicated VVD to TO Divine NP Mercy NP , , a DT devotion NN spread NN by IN the DT early JJ 20 CD th NN century NN Polish JJ nun NN St NP . SENT Faustina NP Kowalska NP , , a DT personal JJ favorite NN of IN the DT Polish JJ pope NN . SENT John NP Paul NP believed VVD it PP was VBD no DT accident NN that IN God NP chose VVD to TO reveal VV a DT message NN of IN mercy NN to TO Sr NP . SENT Faustina NP between IN the DT two CD World NP Wars NPS , , arguably RB one CD of IN the DT most RBS pitiless JJ periods NNS in IN human JJ history NN . SENT For IN Wojtyla NP , , it PP was VBD a DT reminder NN that IN human JJ schemes NNS shorn VVN of IN God NP and CC truth NN are VBP fated VVN to TO end VV in IN disaster NN . SENT John NP Paul NP also RB decreed VVN universal JJ feasts NNS for IN many JJ saints NNS whose WP$ halos NNS he PP awarded VVD , , including VVG Maximilian NP Kolbe NP and CC Edith NP Stein NP , , two CD martyrs NNS of IN the DT Second NP World NP War NP . SENT John NP Paul NP declared VVD Kolbe NP a DT martyr NN despite IN the DT fact NN that IN he PP did VVD not RB meet VV the DT traditional JJ criteria NNS , , being VBG killed VVN for IN the DT faith NN and CC because IN of IN the DT faith NN . SENT Kolbe NP offered VVD his PP$ life NN in IN Auschwitz NP for IN another DT prisoner NN , , an DT act NN of IN heroism NN but CC not RB a DT classic JJ martyrdom NN . SENT The DT pope NN brushed VVD such JJ niggling VVG aside RP . SENT John NP Paul NP was VBD without IN doubt NN a DT man NN of IN deep JJ prayer NN . SENT Cardinal NP Julian NP Herranz NP , , who WP worked VVD in IN the DT Roman NP curia NN for IN more JJR than IN 45 CD years NNS , , said VVD that IN beyond IN the DT trips NNS , , the DT saint NN making VVG , , and CC the DT media NNS spectacles NN , , there EX was VBD yet RB another DT first JJ about IN John NP Paul NP s PP pontificate NN that WDT was VBD perhaps RB more RBR revealing JJ about IN the DT man NN . SENT No DT pope NN , , Herranz NP asserted VVD , , ever RB spent VVN as IN much JJ time NN in IN the DT front NN of IN the DT Tabernacle NN , , where WRB Catholics NPS believe VVP Christ NP is VBZ present JJ in IN the DT form NN of IN consecrated VVN bread NN , , as RB did VVD John NP Paul NP . SENT People NNS who WP had VHD the DT chance NN to TO watch VV him PP celebrate VV Mass NP in IN his PP$ private JJ chapel NN speak VVP of IN his PP$ reverence NN , , his PP$ concentration NN , , his PP$ absorption NN in IN the DT liturgy NN . SENT It PP was VBD no DT doubt NN that IN reservoir NN of IN faith NN that WDT gave VVD him PP the DT strength NN to TO carry VV on IN when WRB his PP$ physical JJ limits NNS would MD have VH stopped VVN most RBS other JJ men NNS . SENT Cardinal NP Jorge NP Medina NP Est NP vez NP , , who WP served VVD the DT pope NN in IN the DT Roman NP curia NN , , said VVD he PP was VBD once RB present JJ when WRB the DT pope NN was VBD asked VVN why WRB he PP didn NN t NN resign VV . SENT Because IN Jesus NP didn NN t NN come VVN down RP off IN the DT cross NN , , was VBD his PP$ response NN . SENT A DT personal JJ summary NN To TO read VV all DT parts NNS of IN this DT story NN , , click NN on IN these DT links NNS . SENT Attitude NN and CC Themes NNS John NP Paul NP and CC the DT West JJ Ecumenism NN and CC other JJ religions NNS Authentic JJ liberation NN World NP leader NN His PP$ Polishness NP Student NP , , priest NN , , scholar NN , , bishop NN Council NP , , father NN and CC pope NN Brother NN bishops NNS The DT pope NN as IN mystic NN A DT personal JJ summary NN Top JJ of IN Page NP In IN 1996 CD , , the DT famed JJ U NP . SENT S NP . SENT liturgical JJ authority NN Benedictine NP Fr NP . SENT Godfrey NP Diekmann NP , , then RB 87 CD , , participated VVN in IN Rome NP at IN a DT meeting NN of IN the DT International NP Commission NP on IN English NP in IN the DT Liturgy NN . SENT This DT commission NN , , responsible JJ for IN translating VVG liturgical JJ texts NNS from IN Latin NP , , emerged VVD in IN the DT latter JJ stages NNS of IN John NP Paul's NP papacy NN as IN a DT political JJ football NN . SENT in IN 1999 CD the DT Vatican NP moved VVD to TO take VV control NN of IN the DT commission NN , , which WDT had VHD previously RB been VBN a DT joint JJ project NN of IN English JJ speaking VVG bishops NNS conferences NNS , , in IN order NN to TO steer VV it PP in IN a DT more RBR conservative JJ , , Roman JJ direction NN . SENT At IN the DT meeting NN , , there EX was VBD an DT opportunity NN to TO say VV Mass NP with IN , , and CC meet VV , , John NP Paul NP II NP . SENT Diekmann NP had VHD had VHN six CD other JJ opportunities NNS to TO meet VV the DT Holy NP Father NP , , he PP said VVD , , but CC never RB took VVD them PP . SENT In IN his PP$ heart NN , , he PP said VVD , , he PP could MD not RB bear VV to TO do VV it PP . SENT For IN while IN he PP acknowledged VVD that IN the DT pope NN was VBD a DT holy JJ man NN and CC took VVD actions NNS with IN the DT best JJS of IN intentions NNS , , he PP felt VVD John NP Paul NP was VBD robbing VVG the DT church NN of IN the DT biggest JJS changes NNS that WDT had VHD taken VVN place NN in IN modern JJ times NNS , , especially RB regarding VVG the DT role NN of IN the DT laity NN and CC collegiality NN . SENT Nonetheless RB , , Diekmann NP , , who WP died VVD in IN 2002 CD , , was VBD prevailed VVN upon RP and CC celebrated VVD a DT Mass NP with IN the DT pope NN . SENT Later RBR , , the DT participants NNS discussed VVD the DT Mass NP and CC agreed VVD they PP had VHD never RB seen VVN a DT liturgy NN celebrated VVD with IN such JJ complete JJ conviction NN and CC piety NN and CC absorption NN in IN God NP . SENT Two CD days NNS later RBR , , Diekmann NP took VVD relatives NNS to TO a DT general JJ audience NN and CC watched VVD the DT pope NN take VV care NN of IN the DT halt NN , , the DT lame JJ and CC the DT blind JJ , , and CC the DT children NNS . SENT Diekmann NP pondered VVD and CC decided VVD that IN this DT , , too RB , , was VBD an DT experience NN of IN the DT pope NN s PP holiness NN , , his PP$ compassion NN . SENT Finally RB , , I PP told VVD myself PP , , said VVD Diekmann NP , , that WDT perhaps RB in IN the DT long JJ run NN what WP is VBZ most RBS important JJ is VBZ that IN the DT Holy NP Father NP represents VVZ the DT compassion NN of IN Christ NP in IN the DT world NN at IN the DT present JJ time NN . SENT Perhaps RB all PDT our PP$ concerns NNS are VBP of IN minor JJ import NN to TO that DT . SENT Perhaps RB the DT Holy NP Ghost NN will MD know VV how WRB to TO get VV us PP out RP of IN this DT quandary NN , , for IN things NNS have VHP gone VVN so RB far RB that IN the DT laity NN have VHP taken VVN over RP much RB of IN the DT ministry NN and CC much RB of IN the DT sacramental JJ life NN of IN the DT church NN . SENT Whether IN John NP Paul NP II NP wanted VVD them PP to TO or CC not RB . SENT The DT final JJ days NNS What WP then RB of IN Pope NP John NP Paul NP II NP toward IN the DT end NN . SENT That DT image NN of IN him PP sitting VVG slumped VVN over RP in IN his PP$ rolling JJ throne NN the DT Vatican NP would MD never RB call VV it PP a DT wheelchair NN , , his PP$ eyes NNS either CC closed JJ or CC almost RB , , his PP$ face NN contorted JJ . SENT Was VBD it PP pain NN , , anxiety NN , , a DT crushing VVG sense NN of IN so RB much JJ still RB to TO do VV . SENT In IN the DT end NN , , Karol NP Wojtyla NP , , deeper JJR than IN his PP$ politics NNS and CC beyond IN his PP$ early JJ 20 CD th NN century NN Polish NP Catholic NP cultural JJ formation NN , , was VBD a DT mensch NP . SENT He PP was VBD a DT strong JJ , , intelligent JJ , , committed JJ human JJ being NN , , someone NN whose WP$ integrity NN and CC dedication NN represent VVP a DT standard NN by IN which WDT other JJ leaders NNS can MD be VB measured VVN . SENT John NP Paul NP was VBD a DT selfless JJ figure NN in IN a DT me FW first JJ world NN . SENT Cardinal NP Roberto NP Tucci NP , , who WP planned VVD John NP Paul NP s PP voyages VVZ before IN retiring VVG in IN 2001 CD , , once RB said VVD he PP had VHD briefed VVN John NP Paul NP hundreds NNS of IN times NNS on IN the DT details NNS for IN his PP$ various JJ trips NNS . SENT Not RB once RB , , Tucci NP said VVD , , did VVD the DT pope NN ever RB ask VV where WRB he PP was VBD going VVG to TO sleep VV , , what WP he PP would MD eat VV or CC wear VV , , or CC what WP his PP$ creature NN comforts NNS would MD be VB . SENT The DT same JJ indifference NN to TO himself PP could MD be VB seen VVN every DT time NN the DT pope NN stepped VVD , , or CC , , in IN the DT end NN , , was VBD rolled VVN upon IN the DT public JJ stage NN . SENT This DT is VBZ the DT key NN that WDT unlocks VVZ why WRB John NP Paul NP drew VVD enormous JJ crowds NNS , , even RB where WRB his PP$ specific JJ political JJ or CC doctrinal JJ stands NNS may MD be VB unpopular JJ . SENT It PP s PP a DT rare JJ ideologue NN for IN whom WP condoms NNS or CC the DT Latin NP Mass NP represent VVP ultimate JJ concerns NNS . SENT Deeper JJR than IN politics NNS , , either CC secular JJ or CC ecclesiastical JJ , , lies VVZ the DT realm NN of IN personal JJ integrity NN goodness NN and CC holiness NN , , the DT qualities NNS we PP prize VV most JJS in IN colleagues NNS , , family NN and CC friends NNS . SENT A DT person NN may MD be VB liberal JJ or CC conservative JJ , , avant JJ garde NN or CC traditional JJ , , but CC let VV him PP or CC her PP be VB decent JJ and CC most RBS of IN the DT time NN that IN s PP enough RB . SENT This DT realm NN of IN menschlichkeit NN , , authentic JJ humanity NN , , is VBZ where WRB John NP Paul NP s PP appeal VVP came VVD from IN . SENT For IN a DT pope NN of IN a DT hundred CD trips NNS and CC a DT million CD words NNS , , perhaps RB the DT most RBS important JJ lesson NN he PP offered VVD was VBD the DT coherence NN of IN his PP$ own JJ life NN . SENT When WRB he PP urged VVD Christians NNS to TO Duc NP in IN Altum NP , , to TO set VV off RP into IN the DT deep JJ , , it PP resonated VVD even RB with IN those DT who WP sought VVD very RB different JJ shores NNS . SENT He PP was VBD part NN of IN all PDT our PP$ lives NNS , , but CC he PP would MD not RB let VV us PP be VB part NN of IN his PP$ . SENT He PP was VBD seen VVN , , heard VVN but CC not RB fully RB understood VVN . SENT Admired VVN , , not RB always RB liked VVN . SENT Outside IN the DT church NN , , the DT democrat NN . SENT Inside IN the DT church NN , , the DT autocrat NN . SENT Karol NP Wojtyla NP , , motherless JJ boy NN , , proud JJ , , confident JJ priest NN , , controlling VVG pope NN and CC fearless JJ world NN leader NN in IN death NN challenges NNS history NN to TO describe VV who WP he PP was VBD and CC what WP he PP did VVD . SENT He PP was VBD a DT formidable JJ pope NN . SENT It PP will MD be VB a DT formidable JJ task NN . SENT John NP L NP . SENT Allen NP Jr NP . SENT is VBZ NCR NP Rome NP correspondent NN . SENT His PP$ e NN mail NN address NN is VBZ jallen JJ natcath NN . SENT org NP . SENT Arthur NP Jones NP , , NCR NP editor NN at IN large JJ , , contributed VVD to TO this DT article NN . SENT Top JJ of IN Page NP Home NP Copyright NP 2005 CD The DT National NP Catholic NP Reporter NN Publishing NP Company NP , , 115 CD E NN . SENT Armour NP Blvd NP . SENT , , Kansas NP City NP , , MO NN 64111 CD TEL NP . SENT 1 LS 816 CD 531 CD 0538 CD FAX NP . SENT 1 LS 816 CD 968 CD 2280 CD