/Users/andrea/_magisterarbeit/korpus/clean/testkorpus/1/file9.html NN ----------------------------------------- : Survey NN of IN Usage RB of IN the DT . SENT US NP TLD NP Introduction NN Methodology NN Results NNS Conclusions NNS Future JJ Work NN Abstract JJ . SENT Recent JJ policy NN changes NNS allow VVP registrations NNS in IN . SENT US PP with IN few JJ restrictions NNS . SENT The DT author NN collects VVZ data NNS about IN all DT known VVN . SENT US PP registrations NNS , , analyzing VVG their PP$ registration NN patterns NNS and CC usage NN . SENT Certain JJ registrants NNS are VBP found VVN to TO register VV more JJR than IN 2 CD , , 000 CD domains NNS each DT . SENT these DT registrants NNS may MD be VB gathering VVG domains NNS for IN commercial JJ applications NNS requiring VVG many JJ domains NNS or CC for IN future JJ sale NN , , and CC large JJ registrants NNS with IN ten CD or CC more JJR . SENT US PP domains NNS jointly RB hold VVP a DT total NN of IN 46 CD . SENT 4 CD of IN . SENT US PP registrations NNS to TO date NN . SENT Non JJ Americans NNS are VBP found VVN to TO register VV 7 CD . SENT 0 CD of IN domains NNS , , and CC some DT of IN these DT registrations NNS may MD violate VV . SENT US PP registration NN restrictions NNS that WDT require VVP nexus NN in IN the DT United NP States NPS . SENT The DT overwhelming JJ majority NN of IN . SENT US PP registrations NNS as RB yet RB provide VV no DT original JJ web NN content NN . SENT working VVG . SENT US PP web NN sites NNS are VBP found VVN to TO be VB clustered VVN with IN certain JJ registrars NNS , , while IN certain JJ other JJ registrars NNS tend VVP to TO register VV domains NNS that WDT offer VVP no DT web NN content NN and CC domains NNS offered VVN for IN resale NN . SENT Introduction NN In IN 1985 CD , , Jon NP Postel NP created VVD a DT series NN of IN top JJ level NN domains NNS for IN use NN by IN interested JJ countries NNS . SENT among IN these DT so RB called VVN country NN code NN top JJ level NN domains NNS ccTLDs NNS domain NN was VBD . SENT US PP , , bearing VVG the DT two CD letter NN country NN code NN ordinarily RB associated VVN with IN the DT United NP States NPS . SENT For IN more JJR than IN a DT decade NN thereafter RB , , . SENT US NP registrations NNS were VBD generally RB permitted VVN only RB within IN a DT strict JJ hierarchy NN reflecting VVG both DT geographic JJ and CC organizational JJ categorizations NNS i NP . SENT e SYM . SENT www JJ . SENT k NN 12 CD . SENT wa NP . SENT us PP for IN the DT public JJ schools NNS in IN Washington NP State NP . SENT However RB , , the DT National NP Telecommunications NPS and CC Information NP Administration NP of IN the DT US NP Department NP of IN Commerce NP in IN 1998 CD began VVD a DT consultation NN process NN to TO consider VV a DT liberalization NN of IN the DT . SENT US NP registration NN hierarchy NN , , and CC in IN the DT spring NN of IN 2002 CD . SENT US PP was VBD opened VVN for IN second JJ level NN registrations NNS i NP . SENT e SYM . SENT cars NNS . SENT us PP via IN newly RB selected VVN registry NN operator NN Neustar NP and CC competitive JJ registrars NNS . SENT Four CD months NNS after IN the DT opening NN of IN . SENT US PP to TO public JJ registration NN , , the DT author NN seeks VVZ to TO investigate VV usage NN to TO date NN of IN the DT . SENT US NP space NN . SENT Such JJ investigations NNS in IN part NN follow VVP the DT model NN of IN the DT author's JJ previous JJ studies NNS of IN domain NN names NNS , , quantifying VVG top JJ registrants NNS , , registrar NN market NN shares NNS , , warehousing VVG , , defensive JJ registrations NNS , , and CC cybersquatting NN . SENT Analysis NN further RBR considers VVZ . SENT US PP domains NNS that WDT may MD not RB comply VV with IN . SENT US PP registration NN restrictions NNS . SENT Methodology NN Results NNS To TO analyze VV domain NN registrations NNS and CC use NN , , the DT author NN began VVD with IN a DT full JJ listing NN of IN all DT registered JJ . SENT US PP domain NN names NNS . SENT Many JJ TLDs NNS provide VVP such PDT a DT listing NN upon IN request NN , , via IN a DT so RB called VVN zone NN transfer NN often RB accompanied VVN by IN a DT license NN agreement NN . SENT however RB , , Neustar NP told VVD the DT author NN that IN zone NN file NN is VBZ currently RB available JJ only RB to TO . SENT US PP registrars NNS but CC not RB to TO the DT general JJ public JJ email NP communications NNS of IN May NP 21 CD , , 2002 CD and CC August NP 12 CD , , 2002 CD . SENT The DT author NN sincerely RB thanks NNS a DT . SENT US NP registrar NN , , who WP prefers VVZ to TO remain VV anonymous JJ , , for IN providing VVG the DT zone NN file VV so RB central JJ to TO subsequent JJ analysis NN . SENT The DT author NN used VVD automated JJ systems NNS to TO collect VV data NNS about IN each DT registered JJ . SENT US NP domain NN . SENT From IN publicly RB available JJ WHOIS NP data NNS , , the DT author NN collected VVD registrant NN name NN and CC organization NN , , registrar NN , , and CC date NN of IN registration NN , , as RB well RB as IN the DT country NN of IN registrant NN and CC of IN administrative JJ , , billing NN , , and CC technical JJ contacts NNS . SENT The DT author NN further RBR collected VVD the DT title NN of IN each DT domain's JJ default NN web NN page NN when WRB available JJ . SENT Analysis NN uses VVZ the DT . SENT US NP zone NN file NN of IN August NP 13 CD , , 2002 CD , , which WDT includes VVZ a DT total NN of IN 307 CD , , 788 CD distinct JJ . SENT US PP domains NNS . SENT Results NNS include VVP the DT following VVG five CD sections NNS . SENT Registration NN Patterns NNS of IN Top NP . 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SENT Geographic JJ locations NNS . SENT Some DT domains NNS bear VVP city NN names NNS for IN example NN , , albany NP ny NP . SENT us PP and CC 929 CD other JJ names NNS registered VVN by IN Gagan NP Patnaik NP , , while IN others NNS include VVP both DT place NN names NNS and CC product NN names NNS bronxrealestate NN . SENT us PP and CC many JJ of IN the DT 554 CD other JJ names NNS registered VVN by IN Max NP Rinaldi NP . SENT Other JJ US NP specific JJ content NN , , including VVG content NN that WDT is VBZ explicitly RB patriotic JJ or CC otherwise RB related VVN to TO the DT United NP States NPS . SENT Other JJ usages NNS of IN us PP . SENT For IN example NN , , many JJ domains NNS use VVP the DT string NN us PP to TO signify VV not RB United NP States NPS but CC rather RB the DT first JJ person NN plural NN objective NN pronoun NN . SENT Examples NNS include VVP many JJ of IN the DT 2494 CD registrations NNS by IN Bryon NP Uding NP , , such JJ as IN a DT good JJ time NN with IN . SENT us PP and CC bargains NNS for IN . SENT us PP . SENT Defensive JJ registrations NNS . SENT Trademark NN holders NNS have VHP submitted VVN a DT variety NN of IN registrations NNS to TO prevent VV use NN of IN their PP$ marks NNS by IN others NNS . SENT For IN example NN , , Johnson NP Johnson NP registered VVD 783 CD . SENT US PP domains NNS including VVG product NN names NNS childrenstylenolflu NN . SENT us PP and CC generics NNS allaboutkneesurgery NN . SENT us PP . SENT consistent JJ with IN the DT author's JJ prior JJ investigation NN of IN defensive JJ registrations NNS , , these DT domains NNS do VVP not RB provide VV web NN pages NNS . SENT Amazon NP took VVD a DT different JJ approach NN with IN the DT registration NN of IN sixteen CD names NNS seemingly RB intended VVN to TO help VV users NNS who WP make VVP typos NNS or CC to TO prevent VV others NNS from IN typosquatting NN on IN Amazon's NP marks NNS . SENT Amazon's NP . SENT US NP registrations NNS include VVP aamzon NN . SENT us PP , , amaozn NP . SENT us PP , , and CC amozan NN . SENT us PP , , and CC these DT sites NNS all RB redirect VV to TO Amazon's NP ordinary JJ web NN site NN at IN amazon NN . SENT com NN . SENT Defensive JJ registrations NNS in IN . SENT US PP include VVP registrations NNS by IN non JJ American JJ firms NNS such JJ as IN Unilever NP 99 CD . SENT US NP domains NNS registered VVD and CC Emirates NP Airline NP 24 CD . SENT General JJ registrations NNS of IN arbitrary JJ strings NNS . SENT As IN expected VVN in IN an DT open JJ TLD NP , , . SENT US NP domains NNS include VVP a DT large JJ body NN of IN content NN of IN general JJ registrations NNS . SENT Among IN top JJ registrants NNS , , notable JJ examples NNS include VVP most JJS or CC all DT three CD letter NN . SENT us PP domains NNS aaa NN . SENT us PP and CC so RB forth RB , , including VVG the DT overwhelming JJ majority NN of IN Bradley NP Norrish's NP 1746 CD registrations NNS , , generic JJ business NN names NNS bookstore NN . SENT us PP and CC many JJ others NNS of IN Richard NP Leeds NP 1 CD , , 333 CD registrations NNS , , and CC sexually RB explicit JJ content NN all DT animalsex NN . SENT us PP and CC 833 CD other JJ domains NNS by IN Silver NP Back NP Corp NP . SENT Registrations NNS by IN Non JJ US NP Registrants NNS Certain JJ . SENT US NP domains NNS were VBD found VVN to TO provide VV in IN their PP$ WHOIS NP registrant NN and CC contact NN data NNS addresses VVZ outside IN the DT US NP . SENT Under IN the DT . SENT US PP Nexus NN Requirements NNS PDF NP , , . SENT US PP domains NNS may MD be VB registered VVN only RB by IN 1 CD US NP citizens NNS or CC residents NNS , , 2 CD US NP entities NNS or CC organizations NNS , , and CC 3 CD foreign JJ entities NNS or CC organizations NNS with IN a DT bona NN fide NN presence NN in IN the DT US NP . SENT To TO determine VV whether IN a DT foreign JJ entity NN has VHZ such PDT a DT presence NN , , registration NN requirements NNS specify VV consideration NN both CC of IN a DT registrant's JJ ordinary JJ lawful JJ activities NNS within IN the DT United NP States NPS and CC of IN a DT registrant's JJ offices NNS or CC other JJ facilities NNS in IN the DT US NP . SENT The DT author NN knows VVZ of IN no DT automated JJ means NN of IN confirming VVG that IN a DT registrant NN in IN fact NN complies VVZ with IN nexus NN requirements NNS . SENT indeed RB , , Neustar's NP Nexus NN Requirements NNS document NN contemplates VVZ only RB occasional JJ scans NNS and CC spot NN checks NNS . SENT However RB , , when WRB a DT non JJ US NP registrant NN holds VVZ many JJ . SENT US PP names VVZ , , the DT registrant NN may MD be VB particularly RB likely JJ not RB to TO comply VV with IN stated JJ nexus NN requirements NNS . SENT a DT non JJ US NP registrant NN holding NN dozens NNS or CC hundreds NNS of IN . SENT US PP names VVZ , , each DT pointing VVG to TO an DT under IN construction NN site NN or CC an DT error NN message NN , , might MD be VB thought VVN more RBR likely JJ to TO be VB a DT domain NN warehouser NN or CC reseller JJR than IN a DT foreign JJ entity NN with IN a DT bona NN fide NN presence NN in IN the DT US NP . SENT Accordingly RB , , the DT author NN below RB reports VVZ those DT registrants NNS who WP have VHP registered VVN 5 CD or CC more JJR . SENT US PP domains NNS that IN each DT provide VVP addresses NNS outside IN the DT US NP for IN registrant NN address NN and CC for IN administrative JJ , , billing NN , , and CC technical JJ contacts NNS . SENT Of IN course NN , , many JJ of IN these DT registrations NNS no RB doubt VVP comply VV with IN Nexus NN Requirements NNS , , but CC at IN least JJS some DT may MD reflect VV registration NN by IN a DT non JJ US NP individual NN or CC by IN a DT non JJ US NP organization NN without IN the DT required JJ US NP nexus NN . SENT . SENT US PP Registrations NNS by IN Non JJ US NP Registrants NNS Of IN . SENT US PP registrants NNS with IN all DT contacts NNS outside IN the DT US NP , , some DT registrants NNS registered VVD many JJ . SENT US PP domains NNS . SENT Silver NP Back NP Corp NP of IN Antigua NP and CC Barbuda NP registered VVD 834 CD domains NNS including VVG all DT animalsex NN . SENT us PP , , alyssa NP milano NP gallery NN . SENT us PP , , alyssa NP milano NP naked JJ . SENT us PP , , and CC alyssa NP milano NP nude JJ . SENT us PP . SENT Global NP DNS NP Services NPS of IN the DT Netherlands NPS registered VVD 474 CD domains NNS including VVG 11 CD b NN . SENT us PP , , aanbieding NN . SENT us PP , , aanbiedingen NP . SENT us PP , , and CC adult NN toy NN . SENT us PP . SENT B LS . SENT Stone NP of IN the DT Netherlands NPS registered VVD 226 CD including VVG afterparty NN . SENT us PP , , ahold NP . SENT us PP , , americangigolo NP . SENT us PP , , and CC americanpornstar NN . SENT us PP . SENT A DT total NN of IN 613 CD distinct JJ registrants NNS registered VVD 5 CD or CC more JJR domains NNS with IN all DT contacts NNS outside IN the DT US NP , , and CC a DT total NN of IN 21 CD , , 639 CD domains NNS were VBD registered VVN with IN all DT contacts NNS outside IN the DT US NP 7 CD . SENT 0 CD of IN all DT . SENT US PP registrations NNS to TO date NN . SENT As RB detailed JJ in IN the DT . SENT US NP WHOIS NP FAQ NP , , each DT . SENT US NP domain NN includes VVZ a DT designation NN of IN its PP$ nexus NN code NN . SENT Possible JJ codes NNS include VVP C NP 11 CD US NP citizen NN , , C NP 12 CD permanent JJ resident NN of IN US NP , , C NP 21 CD US NP organization NN , , C NP 31 CD foreign JJ entity NN or CC organization NN with IN bona NN fide NN US NP presence NN , , regularly RB engaging VVG in IN lawful JJ activities NNS in IN the DT US NP , , and CC C $ 32 CD office NN or CC other JJ facility NN in IN the DT US NP . SENT As RB among IN . SENT US PP registrations NNS with IN all DT contacts NNS outside IN the DT US NP , , the DT table NN below IN reports NNS the DT number NN of IN registrants NNS providing VVG each DT of IN these DT nexus NN codes NNS . SENT Number NN of IN . SENT US NP Registrations NNS Proportion NN of IN . SENT US PP Registrations NNS among IN . SENT US PP registrations NNS with IN all DT contacts NNS outside IN the DT US NP US NP Citizen NP 3392 CD 15 CD . SENT 6 CD Permanent JJ Resident NN of IN US NP 751 CD 3 CD . SENT 5 CD US NP Organization NP 1373 CD 6 CD . SENT 3 CD Foreign JJ Entity NN or CC Organization NP with IN Bona NP Fide NN US NP Presence NN , , Regularly RB Engaging VVG in IN Lawful JJ Activities NNS in IN US NP 12766 CD 58 CD . SENT 7 CD Office NP or CC Other NP Facility NP in IN the DT US NP 2848 CD 13 CD . SENT 1 CD No RB nexus NN data NNS available JJ in IN WHOIS NP 609 CD 2 CD . SENT 8 CD Impermissible JJ . SENT US PP registrations NNS by IN registrants NNS without IN the DT required JJ nexus NN may MD tend VV to TO take VV place NN within IN certain JJ purported JJ nexus NN codes NNS . SENT However RB , , research NN to TO date NN has VHZ not RB identified VVN nexus NN codes NNS disproportionately RB used VVN for IN this DT purpose NN . SENT Rate NN of IN Registration NN WHOIS NP Domain NN Registration NN Date NN data NNS provides VVZ information NN about IN the DT date NN of IN registration NN of IN each DT registered JJ . SENT US NP domain NN . SENT . SENT US PP Registrations NNS Per IN Day NP chart NN and CC table NN This DT data NN reflects VVZ that IN more JJR than IN 56 CD of IN . SENT US NP name NN were VBD registered VVN on IN or CC before IN April NP 30 CD , , 2002 CD in IN the DT . SENT US NP sunrise NN process NN . SENT Since IN that DT time NN , , approximately RB 1 CD , , 000 CD . SENT US NP domains NNS have VHP been VBN added VVN per IN day NN . SENT this DT rate NN has VHZ remained VVN roughly RB constant JJ since IN June NP 1 CD , , 2002 CD . SENT Clear JJ weekly JJ trends NNS reflect VVP fewer JJR registrations NNS on IN weekends NNS than IN on IN weekdays NNS . SENT With IN approximately RB 308 CD , , 000 CD domains NNS registered VVN through IN August NP 13 CD , , 2002 CD and CC a DT growth NN rate NN of IN 1 CD , , 000 CD domains NNS per IN week NN , , extrapolation NN suggests VVZ a DT total NN of IN approximately RB 332 CD , , 000 CD domains NNS on IN January NP 1 CD , , 2003 CD . SENT Registrar NN Market NN Share NN Interested JJ registrants NNS obtain VVP . SENT US PP names VVZ through IN accredited VVN . SENT US PP registrars NNS . SENT The DT chart NN and CC table NN linked VVD below RB summarize VV registrar NN market NN share NN to TO date NN . SENT . SENT US NP Registrar NN Market NN Share NN chart NN and CC table NN This DT data NN reflects VVZ that IN leading VVG . SENT US PP registrars NNS are VBP Go NP Daddy NN 55 CD , , 687 CD . SENT US PP names VVZ , , 18 CD . SENT 09 CD of IN registrations NNS to TO date NN , , Register NP . SENT com NN 42 CD , , 645 CD , , 13 CD . SENT 86 CD , , Verisign NP 38 CD , , 578 CD , , 12 CD . SENT 54 CD , , Enom NP 27 CD , , 437 CD , , 8 CD . SENT 92 CD , , and CC Directnic NP 16 CD , , 740 CD , , 5 CD . SENT 44 CD . SENT Together RB , , these DT five CD registrars NNS sponsor VVP 58 CD . SENT 84 CD of IN . SENT US PP registrations NNS , , while IN a DT total NN of IN 65 CD other JJ registrars NNS sponsor VVP the DT remaining JJ 126 CD , , 661 CD . SENT US NP domains NNS . SENT Among IN the DT twenty CD largest JJS . SENT US PP registrars NNS , , 12 CD registered VVN between IN 40 CD and CC 80 CD of IN their PP$ . SENT US PP names VVZ during IN the DT . SENT US NP sunrise NN . SENT Certain JJ other JJ registrars NNS did VVD not RB participate VV in IN the DT sunrise NN . SENT Wild NP West NP Domains NNS registered VVD its PP$ first JJ domain NN on IN July NP 16 CD , , and CC Stargate NP Communications NPS registered VVD its PP$ first JJ on IN July NP 27 CD . SENT Other JJ registrars NNS have VHP registered VVN only RB minimal JJ names NNS since IN the DT sunrise NN . SENT such JJ registrars NNS include VVP Official NP US NP Domains NNS 6 CD , , 245 CD sunrise NN registrations NNS and CC 494 CD subsequently RB , , Encirca NP 5 CD , , 008 CD and CC 940 CD , , and CC Namescout NP 5 CD , , 537 CD and CC 388 CD . SENT Additional JJ details NNS are VBP available JJ in IN the DT chart NN and CC table NN linked VVN above IN . SENT Domain NN Usage RB Registrar NN Specializations NNS The DT author NN attempted VVD to TO obtain VV the DT default NN web NN page NN from IN each DT registered JJ . SENT US NP domain NN name NN , , and CC when WRB those DT pages NNS were VBD available JJ , , the DT author NN categorized VVN available JJ content NN into IN the DT groupings NNS described VVD below RB . SENT Review NN and CC grouping NN of IN HTML NP page NN titles NNS provided VVD automated JJ categorizations NNS of IN the DT majority NN of IN tested VVN web NN sites NNS , , while IN manual JJ review NN was VBD used VVN for IN certain JJ additional JJ domains NNS that WDT could MD not RB be VB classified VVN based VVN on IN their PP$ ambiguous JJ or CC omitted VVN HTML NP page NN title NN . SENT Proportion NN of IN all DT . SENT US NP domains NNS Fails VVZ to TO provide VV a DT valid JJ HTTP NP response NN cannot NN connect VVP to TO server NN 30 CD . SENT 2 CD HTML NP body NN is VBZ blank JJ , , provides VVZ a DT redirect VV , , or CC includes VVZ under IN construction NN , , coming VVG soon RB , , or CC similar JJ 50 CD . SENT 6 CD HTML NP title NN or CC body NN contains VVZ an DT offer NN of IN sale NN 2 CD . SENT 8 CD Error NN message NN 1 CD . SENT 1 CD Uncategorized NN includes VVZ domains NNS with IN actual JJ content NN 15 CD . SENT 3 LS The DT large JJ number NN of IN . SENT US PP domains NNS without IN default NN web NN pages NNS , , with IN blank JJ pages NNS , , and CC with IN under IN construction NN or CC similar JJ pages NNS is VBZ consistent JJ with IN the DT author's JJ prior JJ study NN of IN other JJ top JJ level NN domains NNS including VVG . SENT BIZ NN and CC the DT open JJ country NN code NN top JJ level NN domains NNS of IN . SENT CC NP , , . SENT TV NP , , and NP . SENT WS NP . SENT With IN knowledge NN of IN each DT . SENT US NP domain's NNS registrar NN , , the DT author NN tabulated VVD domain NN usage NN by IN registrar NN . SENT As RB detailed JJ in IN the DT table NN linked VVN below RB , , registrars NNS vary VVP greatly RB in IN their PP$ customers NNS usage NN of IN . SENT US PP domains NNS . SENT Large JJ . SENT US PP registrars NNS with IN relatively RB high JJ estimated JJ rates NNS of IN provision NN of IN web NN content NN include VVP Tucows NP 29 CD . SENT 6 CD , , Bulkregister NP 24 CD . SENT 9 CD , , Enom NP 23 CD . SENT 5 LS , , Go VV Daddy NN 17 CD . SENT 9 CD , , and CC Verisign NP 17 CD . SENT 1 CD . SENT Large JJ registrars NNS with IN substantially RB less JJR frequent JJ provision NN of IN web NN content NN include VVP Itsyourdomain NP 5 CD . SENT 0 CD , , Dotregistrar NP 6 CD . SENT 2 CD , , and CC Directnic NP 7 CD . SENT 7 CD . SENT Note NN , , however RB , , that DT certain JJ large JJ registrants NNS can MD sway VV these DT estimates NNS dramatically RB . SENT for IN example NN , , a DT single JJ Bulkregister NP registrant NN provides VVZ substantially RB the DT same JJ content NN on IN all DT of IN its PP$ 1 CD , , 333 CD . SENT US NP domains NNS , , but CC since IN these DT domains NNS do VVP provide VV actual JJ web NN content NN , , they PP count VVP towards IN registrar NN Bulkregister's NP total NN and CC increase VV its PP$ actual JJ web NN content NN proportion NN by IN 11 CD . SENT 5 CD . SENT Registrants NNS of IN certain JJ registrars NNS chose VVD under IN construction NN pages NNS for IN the DT overwhelming JJ majority NN of IN their PP$ domains NNS . SENT for IN example NN , , fully RB 83 CD . SENT 1 CD of IN domains NNS by IN registrar NN Official NP US NP Domains NNS provided VVD construction NN pages NNS or CC were VBD blank JJ or CC redirects VVZ . SENT However RB , , registrations NNS by IN certain JJ other JJ registrars NNS disproportionately RB tended VVD not RB to TO provide VV valid JJ HTTP NP responses NNS , , perhaps RB because IN these DT registrars NNS do VVP not RB provide VV under IN construction NN pages NNS or CC because IN their PP$ customers NNS prefer VVP not RB to TO use VV such JJ pages NNS . SENT such JJ registrars NNS include VVP R NP K NP Global NP Business NP Services NP 87 CD . SENT 3 CD of IN registered JJ domains NNS fail VVP to TO provide VV a DT valid JJ HTTP NP response NN , , Encirca NP 88 CD . SENT 5 CD , , and CC Emarkmonitor NP 96 CD . SENT 0 CD . SENT Domains NNS with IN offers NNS of IN sale NN tended VVN to TO be VB clustered VVN with IN registrars NNS Domain NN Discover NP 42 CD . SENT 5 CD of IN registered JJ domains NNS included VVD an DT offer NN of IN sale NN on IN their PP$ default NN web NN pages NNS , , Directnic NP 11 CD . SENT 0 CD , , and CC CORE JJ 18 CD . SENT 9 CD . SENT This DT result NN also RB primarily RB reflects VVZ clumping VVG of IN registrants NNS that IN these DT registrars NNS each DT have VHP one NN or CC several JJ large JJ registrants NNS with IN many JJ domains NNS offered VVN for IN sale NN . SENT Domain NN Usage RB by IN Registrar NN Conclusions NNS Future JJ Work NN According VVG to TO Neustar's NP Director NP of IN Policy NP and CC Business NP Development NP , , the DT . SENT US NP registry NN is VBZ and CC ought MD to TO be VB a DT national JJ public JJ resource NN cite VVP , , PDF NP . SENT In IN this DT context NN , , evaluation NN of IN . SENT US's NP registrations NNS to TO date NN may MD properly RB examine VV registration NN trends NNS with IN an DT especially RB detailed JJ level NN of IN scrutiny NN . SENT Registrations NNS like IN those DT of IN Silver NP Back NP Corp NP of IN Antigua NP and CC Barbuda NP 834 CD . SENT US PP domains NNS including VVG all DT animalsex NN . SENT us PP and CC alyssa NP milano NP naked JJ . SENT us PP may MD come VV into IN question NN for IN disputed JJ compliance NN with IN . SENT US PP nexus NN requirements NNS . SENT In IN addition NN , , while IN the DT resale NN of IN domains NNS is VBZ permissible JJ under IN . SENT US PP registration NN rules NNS , , those DT who WP register VVP hundreds NNS or CC thousands NNS of IN names NNS for IN the DT purpose NN of IN resale NN may MD also RB find VV their PP$ actions NNS controversial JJ . SENT The DT author NN knows VVZ of IN no DT proactive JJ enforcement NN of IN . SENT US PP registration NN restrictions NNS , , and CC it PP is VBZ therefore RB perhaps RB not RB surprising JJ to TO find VV many JJ thousands NNS of IN domains NNS that WDT may MD be VB inconsistent JJ with IN registration NN restrictions NNS . SENT Consistent JJ with IN the DT author's JJ prior JJ investigations NNS of IN . SENT NAME NN and NP . SENT BIZ NN , , compliance NN with IN stated JJ registration NN restrictions NNS seems VVZ to TO require VV an DT active JJ and CC proactive JJ enforcement NN mechanism NN . SENT merely RB demanding VVG that IN registrants NNS certify VV compliance NN with IN stated JJ rules NNS may MD not RB suffice VV to TO ensure VV compliance NN . SENT Of IN course NN , , effective JJ enforcement NN may MD be VB difficult JJ and CC costly JJ . SENT indeed RB , , it PP may MD be VB sufficiently RB difficult JJ and CC costly JJ that IN the DT Neustar NP registry NN and CC the DT US NP Department NP of IN Commerce NP on IN balance NN decide VVP against IN such JJ enforcement NN . SENT Nonetheless RB , , if IN current JJ registration NN restrictions NNS reflect VVP an DT explicit JJ policy NN decision NN as RB to TO proper JJ usage NN of IN the DT . SENT US NP TLD NP , , current JJ enforcement NN systems NNS may MD be VB ineffective JJ at IN carrying VVG out RP this DT policy NN . SENT Were VBD the DT DoC NN and CC Neustar NP to TO remain VV committed VVN to TO the DT current JJ registration NN restrictions NNS , , they PP might MD put VV into IN place NN special JJ checks NNS for IN those DT registrants NNS outside IN the DT US NP . SENT For IN example NN , , a DT first JJ time NN non JJ US NP . SENT US NP registrant NN could MD be VB required VVN to TO fill VV out RP a DT web NN form NN detailing VVG its PP$ US NP activities NNS and CC or CC US NP offices NNS or CC facilities NNS , , the DT factors NNS considered VVN under IN Neustar's NP current JJ statement NN of IN Nexus NN Requirements NNS . SENT Future JJ work NN might MD consider VV the DT following VVG questions NNS . SENT Change NN over IN time NN , , including VVG changes NNS in IN registration NN rate NN , , registrar NN market NN share NN , , domain NN usage NN , , and CC registrations NNS by IN non JJ Americans NNS Transfers NNS , , drops NNS , , and CC other JJ future JJ uses NNS of IN domains NNS currently RB held VVN by IN large JJ registrants NNS Renewal NN rates NNS , , and CC differences NNS in IN renewal NN rates NNS across IN sponsoring VVG registrars NNS Search NP engine NN listings NNS , , and CC differences NNS in IN listings NNS across IN sponsoring VVG registrars NNS The DT extent NN to TO which WDT generic JJ . SENT US PP registrations NNS are VBP held VVN by IN the DT same JJ firms NNS that WDT hold VVP the DT corresponding JJ domains NNS in IN other JJ TLDs NNS The DT extent NN to TO which WDT some DT large JJ registrants NNS have VHP registered VVN the DT trademarks NNS of IN other JJ entities NNS Thanks NNS to TO Bret NP Fausett NP for IN suggesting VVG this DT project NN and CC to TO Tim NP Hewitt NP of IN myOstrich JJ Internet NN for IN information NN on IN . SENT US NP sunrise NN registration NN restrictions NNS . SENT Thanks NNS also RB to TO an DT anonymous JJ registrar NN that WDT provided VVD a DT current JJ . SENT US NP zone NN file NN . SENT Ben NP Edelman NP Last JJ Updated VVN . SENT September NP 20 CD , , 2002 CD Notify VVP me PP of IN major JJ updates NNS and CC additions NNS to TO this DT page NN . SENT This DT page NN is VBZ hosted VVD on IN a DT server NN operated VVN by IN the DT Berkman NP Center NP for IN Internet NP Society NP at IN Harvard NP Law NP School NP , , using VVG space NN made VVD available JJ to TO me PP in IN my PP$ capacity NN as IN a DT Berkman NP Center NP affiliate NN for IN academic JJ and CC other JJ scholarly JJ work NN . SENT The DT work NN is VBZ my PP$ own JJ , , and CC the DT Berkman NP Center NP does VVZ not RB express VV a DT position NN on IN its PP$ contents NNS . SENT