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SENT HTML NP does VVZ not RB support VV the DT kind NN of IN language NN specification NN that WDT allows VVZ consuming NN applications NNS to TO check VV data NNS for IN structural JJ validity NN on IN importation NN . SENT In IN contrast NN to TO HTML NP stands NNS generic JJ SGML NP . SENT A DT generic JJ SGML NP application NN is VBZ one NN that WDT supports VVZ SGML NP language NN specifications NNS of IN arbitrary JJ complexity NN and CC makes VVZ possible JJ the DT qualities NNS of IN extensibility NN , , structure NN , , and CC validation NN missing VVG from IN HTML NP . SENT SGML NP makes VVZ it PP possible JJ to TO define VV your PP$ own JJ formats NNS for IN your PP$ own JJ documents NNS , , to TO handle VV large JJ and CC complex JJ documents NNS , , and CC to TO manage VV large JJ information NN repositories NNS . 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SENT Applications NNS that WDT attempt VVP to TO distribute VV a DT significant JJ proportion NN of IN the DT processing NN load NN from IN the DT Web NP server NN to TO the DT Web NP client NN . SENT Applications NNS that WDT require VVP the DT Web NP client NN to TO present VV different JJ views NNS of IN the DT same JJ data NNS to TO different JJ users NNS . SENT Applications NNS in IN which WDT intelligent JJ Web NP agents NNS attempt VVP to TO tailor VV information NN discovery NN to TO the DT needs NNS of IN individual JJ users NNS . SENT The DT alternative NN to TO XML NP for IN these DT applications NNS is VBZ proprietary JJ code NN embedded VVN as IN script NN elements NNS in IN HTML NP documents NNS and CC delivered VVN in IN conjunction NN with IN proprietary JJ browser NN plug NN ins NNS or CC Java NP applets NNS . 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SENT In IN a DT well RB designed VVN standardized JJ patient NN data NNS system NN , , for IN example NN , , specific JJ information NN originally RB gathered VVD in IN the DT course NN of IN a DT routine JJ physical JJ exam NN and CC tagged VVN allergies NNS , , drug NN reactions NNS , , and CC so RB on IN would MD instantly RB be VB available JJ to TO alert VV the DT staff NN of IN an DT emergency NN room NN that IN an DT unconscious JJ patient NN from IN a DT distant JJ city NN was VBD allergic JJ to TO penicillin NN . 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SENT It PP is VBZ independent JJ of IN any DT platform NN , , vendor NN or CC application NN , , so RB it PP can MD be VB used VVN to TO exchange VV solution NN information NN without IN regard NN to TO the DT system NN it PP is VBZ coming VVG from IN or CC going VVG to TO . SENT . SENT . SENT . SENT Additionally RB , , the DT standard NN has VHZ been VBN designed VVN to TO have VH a DT long JJ lifetime NN . SENT SGML NP offers VVZ room NN for IN growth NN and CC extensibility NN , , so RB the DT standard NN can MD easily RB accommodate VV rapidly RB changing VVG support NN environments NNS . 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SENT It PP is VBZ possible JJ now RB , , using VVG Web NP servers NNS built VVN on IN object NN oriented JJ databases NNS , , to TO present VV the DT user NN with IN a DT table NN of IN contents NNS into IN a DT large JJ collection NN of IN data NNS that WDT can MD be VB expanded VVN with IN a DT mouse NN click NN to TO open VV up RP a DT portion NN of IN the DT TOC NP and CC reveal VV more JJR detailed JJ levels NNS of IN the DT document NN structure NN . SENT Dynamic JJ TOCs NNS of IN this DT kind NN can MD be VB generated VVN at IN run NN time NN directly RB from IN the DT hierarchical JJ structure NN of IN the DT document NN . SENT Unfortunately RB , , the DT Web NP latency NN built VVN into IN every DT expansion NN or CC contraction NN of IN the DT TOC NP makes VVZ this DT process NN sluggish JJ in IN many JJ user NN environments NNS . SENT A DT much RB better JJR solution NN is VBZ to TO download VV the DT entire JJ structured JJ TOC NN to TO the DT client NN rather RB than IN just RB individual JJ server NN generated VVD views NNS of IN the DT TOC NP . SENT Then RB the DT user NN can MD expand VV , , contract NN , , and CC move VV about RB in IN the DT TOC NP supported VVD by IN a DT much RB faster JJR process NN running VVG directly RB on IN the DT client NN . SENT A DT group NN at IN Sun NP actually RB implemented VVD a DT form NN of IN this DT solution NN as IN part NN of IN a DT Java NP based VVN HTML NP help NN browser NN , , but CC the DT limitations NNS of IN HTML NP required VVD the DT team NN to TO come VV up RP with IN a DT couple NN of IN clever JJ workarounds NNS . SENT In IN this DT application NN , , a DT TOC NP was VBD constructed VVN by IN hand NN the DT lack NN of IN structure NN in IN ordinary JJ HTML NP makes VVZ it PP impossible JJ to TO reliably RB generate VV a DT TOC NN directly RB from IN the DT document NN using VVG nonstandard JJ tags NNS invented VVN for IN the DT purpose NN , , and CC then RB the DT TOC NP piece NN was VBD wrapped VVN in IN a DT comment NN within IN an DT HTML NP page NN to TO hide VV the DT nonstandard JJ markup NN from IN Web NP browsers NNS . SENT A DT Java NP applet NN downloaded VVD with IN the DT HTML NP document NN interpreted VVD the DT hidden JJ markup NN and CC provided VVD the DT client NN based VVN TOC NP behavior NN . SENT In IN practice NN , , this DT application NN worked VVD very RB well RB and CC testified VVD both DT to TO the DT ingenuity NN of IN its PP$ designers NNS and CC to TO the DT validity NN of IN the DT basic JJ concept NN . SENT But CC in IN an DT XML NP environment NN , , neither CC the DT manual JJ creation NN of IN the DT TOC NP nor CC its PP$ concealment NN would MD have VH been VBN necessary JJ . SENT Instead RB , , standard JJ XML NP editors NNS would MD have VH been VBN used VVN to TO create VV structured JJ content NN from IN which WDT a DT structured JJ TOC NN could MD be VB generated VVN at IN run NN time NN and CC downloaded JJ to TO browsers NNS that WDT would MD automatically RB create VV and CC display VV the DT TOC NP using VVG either CC a DT downloaded JJ Java NP applet NN or CC a DT standard JJ set NN of IN JavaHelp NP class NN libraries NNS . SENT The DT ability NN to TO capture VV and CC transmit VV semantic JJ and CC structural JJ data NNS made VVD possible JJ by IN XML NP greatly RB expands VVZ the DT range NN of IN possibilities NNS for IN client NN side NN manipulation NN of IN the DT way NN data NN appears VVZ to TO the DT user NN . SENT For IN example NN . SENT A DT technical JJ manual NN that WDT covers VVZ both CC the DT Sparc NP and NP x SYM 86 CD versions NNS of IN the DT Solaris NP operating NN system NN can MD be VB made VVN to TO appear VV like IN a DT manual JJ for IN Sparc NP only RB , , or CC a DT manual JJ for IN x NN 86 CD only RB , , just RB by IN clicking VVG a DT preferences NNS switch VVP . SENT An DT installation NN sheet NN that WDT carries VVZ warnings NNS in IN multiple JJ languages NNS can MD be VB made VVN to TO show VV just RB the DT ones NNS in IN the DT language NN selected VVN by IN the DT user NN . SENT A DT document NN containing VVG many JJ annotations NNS can MD be VB switched VVN from IN a DT mode NN that WDT shows VVZ only RB the DT text NN , , to TO a DT mode NN that WDT shows VVZ only RB the DT annotations NNS , , to TO a DT mode NN that WDT shows VVZ both CC , , just RB by IN making VVG a DT menu NN selection NN . SENT A DT phone NN book NN sorted VVN by IN last JJ name NN can MD instantly RB be VB changed VVN into IN a DT phone NN book NN sorted VVN by IN first JJ name NN . SENT This DT list NN only RB hints VVZ at IN the DT possible JJ uses NNS that IN creative JJ Web NP designers NNS will MD find VV for IN richly RB structured VVN data NNS delivered VVN in IN a DT standardized JJ way NN to TO Web NP clients NNS . SENT Web NN agents NNS . SENT data NNS that WDT knows VVZ about IN me PP A DT future JJ domain NN for IN XML NP applications NNS will MD arise VV when WRB intelligent JJ Web NP agents NNS begin VVP to TO make VV larger JJR demands NNS for IN structured JJ data NNS than IN can MD easily RB be VB conveyed VVD by IN HTML NP . SENT Perhaps RB the DT earliest JJS applications NNS in IN this DT category NN will MD be VB those DT in IN which WDT user NN preferences NNS must MD be VB represented VVN in IN a DT standard JJ way NN to TO mass JJ media NNS providers NNS . SENT The DT key JJ requirements NNS for IN such JJ applications NNS have VHP been VBN summed VVN up RP by IN Matthew NP Fuchs NP of IN Disney NP Imagineering NP . SENT Information NP needs VVZ to TO know VV about IN itself PP , , and CC information NN needs VVZ to TO know VV about IN me PP . SENT Consider VV a DT personalized JJ TV NN guide NN for IN the DT fabled JJ 500 CD channel NN cable NN TV NN system NN . SENT A DT personalized JJ TV NN guide NN that WDT works VVZ across IN the DT entire JJ spectrum NN of IN possible JJ providers NNS requires VVZ not RB only RB that IN the DT user's JJ preferences NNS and CC other JJ characteristics NNS educational JJ level NN , , interest NN , , profession NN , , age NN , , visual JJ acuity NN be VB specified VVN in IN a DT standard NN , , vendor NN independent JJ manner NN obviously RB a DT job NN for IN an DT industry NN standard JJ markup NN system NN but CC also RB that IN the DT programs NNS themselves PP be VB described VVN in IN a DT way NN that WDT allows VVZ agents NNS to TO intelligently RB select VV the DT ones NNS most RBS likely JJ to TO be VB of IN interest NN to TO the DT user NN . SENT This DT second JJ requirement NN can MD be VB met VVN only RB by IN a DT standardized JJ system NN that WDT uses VVZ many JJ specialized JJ tags NNS to TO convey VV specific JJ attributes NNS of IN a DT particular JJ program NN offering VVG subject JJ category NN , , audience NN category NN , , leading VVG actors NNS , , length NN , , date NN made VVD , , critical JJ rating NN , , specialized JJ content NN , , language NN , , etc FW . SENT . SENT Exactly RB the DT same JJ requirements NNS would MD apply VV to TO customized JJ newspapers NNS and CC many JJ other JJ applications NNS in IN which WDT information NN selection NN is VBZ tailored VVN to TO the DT indvidual JJ user NN . SENT While IN such JJ applications NNS still RB lie VVP over IN the DT horizon NN , , it PP is VBZ obvious JJ that IN they PP will MD play VV an DT increasingly RB important JJ role NN in IN our PP$ lives NNS and CC that IN their PP$ implementation NN will MD require VV XML NN like IN data NNS in IN order NN to TO function VV interoperably RB and CC thereby RB allow VV intelligent JJ Web NP agents NNS to TO compete VV effectively RB in IN an DT open JJ market NN . SENT Advanced JJ linking VVG and CC stylesheet NN mechanisms NNS Outside IN XML NP as IN such JJ , , but CC an DT integral JJ part NN of IN the DT W NP 3 CD C NP SGML NP effort NN , , are VBP powerful JJ linking VVG and CC stylesheet NN mechanisms NNS that WDT go VVP beyond IN current JJ HTML NP based VVN methods NNS just RB as IN XML NP goes VVZ beyond IN HTML NP . SENT Linking VVG Despite IN its PP$ name NN and CC all DT of IN the DT publicity NN that WDT has VHZ surrounded VVN HTML NP , , this DT so RB called VVN hypertext NN markup NN language NN actually RB implements VVZ just RB a DT tiny JJ amount NN of IN the DT functionality NN that WDT has VHZ historically RB been VBN associated VVN with IN the DT concept NN of IN hypertext NN systems NNS . SENT Only RB the DT simplest JJS form NN of IN linking VVG is VBZ supported VVN unidirectional JJ links NNS to TO hardcoded JJ locations NNS . SENT This DT is VBZ a DT far JJ cry NN from IN the DT systems NNS that WDT were VBD built VVN and CC proven VVN during IN the DT 1970 CD s PP and CC 1980 CD s PP . SENT In IN a DT true JJ hypertext NN system NN of IN the DT kind NN envisioned VVN for IN the DT XML NP effort NN , , there EX will MD be VB standardized JJ syntax NN for IN all DT of IN the DT classic JJ hypertext NN linking VVG mechanisms NNS . SENT Location NN independent JJ naming VVG Bidirectional NP links NNS Links NP that WDT can MD be VB specified VVN and CC managed VVN outside JJ of IN documents NNS to TO which WDT they PP apply VVP N NP ary NP hyperlinks NNS e NN . SENT g NN . SENT , , rings NNS , , multiple JJ windows NNS Aggregate NN links VVZ multiple JJ sources NNS Transclusion NN the DT link NN target NN document NN appears VVZ to TO be VB part NN of IN the DT link NN source NN document NN Attributes VVZ on IN links NNS link VVP types NNS The DT first JJ draft NN of IN a DT specification NN for IN basic JJ standardized JJ hypertext NN mechanisms NNS to TO be VB used VVN in IN conjunction NN with IN XML NP is VBZ scheduled VVN for IN release NN at IN the DT Sixth NP World NP Wide NP Web NP Conference NP in IN April NP , , 1997 CD . SENT Stylesheets NP The DT current JJ CSS NP cascading JJ style NN sheets NNS effort NN provides VVZ a DT style NN mechanism NN well RB suited VVN to TO the DT relatively RB low JJ level NN demands NNS of IN HTML NP but CC incapable JJ of IN supporting VVG the DT greatly RB expanded VVN range NN of IN rendering VVG techniques NNS made VVD possible JJ by IN extensible JJ structured JJ markup NN . SENT The DT counterpart NN to TO XML NP is VBZ a DT stylesheet NN programming NN language NN that WDT is VBZ . SENT Freely RB extensible JJ so RB that IN stylesheet NN designers NNS can MD define VV an DT unlimited JJ number NN of IN treatments NNS for IN an DT unlimited JJ variety NN of IN tags NNS . SENT Turing NP complete JJ so RB that IN stylesheet NN designers NNS can MD arbitrarily RB extend VV the DT available JJ procedures NNS . SENT Based VVN on IN a DT standard JJ syntax NN to TO minimize VV the DT learning VVG curve NN . SENT Able JJ to TO address VV the DT entire JJ tree NN structure NN of IN an DT XML NP document NN in IN structural JJ terms NNS , , so RB that IN context NN relationships NNS between IN elements NNS in IN a DT document NN can MD be VB expressed VVN to TO any DT level NN of IN complexity NN . SENT Completely RB internationalized VVN so RB that IN left VVN to TO right NN , , right RB to TO left VVN , , and CC top JJ to TO bottom JJ scripts NNS can MD all RB be VB dealt VVN with IN , , even RB if IN mixed VVN in IN a DT single JJ document NN . SENT Provided VVN with IN a DT sophisticated JJ rendering NN model NN that WDT allows VVZ the DT specification NN of IN professional JJ page NN layout NN features NNS such JJ as IN multiple JJ column NN sets NNS , , rotated VVD text NN areas NNS , , and CC float VV zones NNS . SENT Defined VVN in IN a DT way NN that WDT allows VVZ partial JJ rendering NN in IN order NN to TO enable VV efficient JJ delivery NN of IN documents NNS over IN the DT Web NP . SENT Such PDT a DT language NN already RB exists VVZ in IN a DT new JJ international JJ standard NN called VVD the DT Document NN Style NP Semantics NNS and CC Specification NN Language NP DSSSL NP , , ISO NP IEC NP 10179 CD . SENT Published VVN in IN April NP , , 1996 CD , , DSSSL NP is VBZ the DT stylesheet NN language NN of IN the DT future NN for IN XML NP documents NNS . SENT An DT initial JJ specification NN of IN a DT DSSSL NP subset NN 3 CD for IN use NN with IN XML NP applications NNS has VHZ already RB been VBN published VVN . SENT This DT specification NN will MD be VB further RBR developed VVN as IN part NN of IN the DT XML NP activity NN . SENT Conclusion NN HTML NN functions NNS well RB as IN a DT markup NN for IN the DT publication NN of IN simple JJ documents NNS and CC as IN a DT transportation NN envelope NN for IN downloadable JJ scripts NNS . SENT However RB , , the DT need NN to TO support VV the DT much RB greater JJR information NN requirements NNS of IN standardized JJ Java NP applications NNS will MD necessitate VV the DT development NN of IN a DT standard JJ , , extensible JJ , , structured JJ language NN and CC similarly RB expanded VVD linking VVG and CC stylesheet NN mechanisms NNS . SENT The DT W NP 3 CD C NP SGML NP effort NN is VBZ actively RB developing VVG a DT set NN of IN specifications NNS that WDT will MD allow VV these DT objectives NNS to TO be VB met VVN within IN an DT open JJ standards NNS environment NN . SENT Acknowledgements NNS The DT author NN would MD like VV to TO thank VV his PP$ colleagues NNS in IN the DT Davenport NP Group NP for IN early JJ contributions NNS to TO the DT beginnings NNS of IN this DT document NN . SENT The DT example NN applications NNS were VBD clarified VVN and CC expanded VVN with IN the DT help NN of IN participants NNS in IN the DT workshop NN Internet NP Applications NP of IN SGML NP and CC DSSSL NP held VVD at IN the DT GCA NP Information NP and CC Technology NP Week NP in IN Seattle NP on IN August NP 23 CD , , 1996 CD . SENT Special JJ thanks NNS are VBP due JJ to TO Tim NP Bray NP , , Kurt NP Conrad NP , , Steve NP DeRose NP , , Matt NP Fuchs NP , , and CC Murray NP Maloney NP for IN their PP$ outstanding JJ contributions NNS to TO the DT workshop NN . SENT Production NN note VVP This DT paper NN was VBD written VVN in IN HTML NP 3 CD . SENT 2 CD and CC formatted VVN by IN the DT Jade NP DSSSL NP engine NN 4 CD for IN printout NN . SENT The DT section NN numbers NNS , , headers NNS , , footers NNS , , and CC Table NN of IN Contents NNS seen VVN in IN the DT printed JJ version NN are VBP not RB part NN of IN the DT HTML NP source NN 5 CD but CC were VBD generated VVN automatically RB as RB specified VVN by IN a DT DSSSL NP stylesheet NN 6 CD . SENT References NNS 0 CD http NN . SENT sunsite NN . SENT unc NN . SENT edu NN pub NN sun NN info NN standards NNS xml NN why WRB xmlapps NNS . SENT ps NNS . SENT zip NN 1 CD http NN . SENT www JJ . SENT w NN 3 CD . SENT org NP pub NN WWW NP MarkUp NN SGML NP Activity NP 2 CD http NN . SENT www JJ . SENT w NN 3 CD . SENT org NP pub NN WWW NP TR NP WD NP xml NP 961114 CD . SENT html NN 3 CD http NN . SENT sunsite NN . SENT unc NN . SENT edu NN pub NN sun NN info NN standards NNS dsssl NP dssslo NP dssslo NP . SENT htm NN 4 CD http NN . SENT www JJ . SENT jclark NN . SENT com NN jade NN 5 CD http NN . SENT sunsite NN . SENT unc NN . SENT edu NN pub NN sun NN info NN standards NNS xml NN why WRB xmlapps NNS . SENT htm NN 6 CD http NN . SENT sunsite NN . SENT unc NN . SENT edu NN pub NN sun NN info NN standards NNS dsssl NN stylesheets NNS html NN 32 CD html NN 32 CD hc NN . SENT dsl NP