/Users/andrea/_magisterarbeit/korpus/clean/testkorpus/30/file20.html NN ----------------------------------------- : All DT pictures NNS and CC information NN from IN Microsoft NP Encarta NP 97 CD Encyclopedia NN CD NP ROM NP Software NP . SENT 1993 CD 1996 CD Microsoft NP Corporation NP . SENT History NN of IN the DT Bicycle NP The DT name NN of IN the DT modern JJ vehicle NN dates NNS from IN 1869 CD . SENT Various JJ precursors NNS of IN this DT machine NN were VBD known VVN as IN velocipedes NNS , , from IN a DT French JJ name NN dating VVG from IN the DT late JJ 18 CD th NN century NN . SENT Crude NN two CD wheeled VVN vehicles NNS propelled VVN by IN the DT feet NNS were VBD popular JJ as IN early JJ as IN the DT second JJ half NN of IN the DT 17 CD th NN century NN . SENT In IN 1690 CD a DT Frenchman NN invented VVD the DT celerifere NN , , consisting VVG of IN a DT wooden JJ beam NN to TO which WDT the DT wheels NNS were VBD affixed VVN . SENT The DT vehicle NN had VHD no DT handlebar NN , , the DT rider NN sat VVD on IN a DT cushion NN on IN the DT beam NN and CC propelled VVD and CC steered VVD the DT machine NN by IN pushing VVG his PP$ or CC her PP$ feet NNS against IN the DT ground NN . SENT In IN 1816 CD a DT German JJ nobleman NN designed VVN the DT first JJ two CD wheeled VVN vehicle NN with IN a DT steering NN device NN . SENT This DT machine NN , , named VVD the DT draisine NN after IN the DT inventor NN , , had VHD a DT handlebar NN that WDT pivoted VVD on IN the DT frame NN , , enabling VVG the DT front JJ wheel NN to TO be VB turned VVN . SENT Improvements NNS were VBD later RBR developed VVN by IN French JJ , , German JJ , , and CC British JJ inventors NNS . SENT In IN England NP these DT early JJ models NNS were VBD known VVN as IN hobby NN horses NNS . SENT the DT name NN dandy JJ horse NN was VBD applied VVN particularly RB to TO the DT expensive JJ pedestrian NN curricle NN , , invented VVN in IN 1818 CD . SENT The DT curricle NN was VBD lighter JJR in IN weight NN than IN the DT draisine NN and CC had VHD an DT adjustable JJ saddle NN and CC elbow NN rest NN . SENT It PP was VBD patented VVN in IN the DT United NP States NPS in IN 1819 CD but CC aroused VVN little JJ interest NN . SENT In IN 1839 CD driving VVG levers NNS and CC pedals NNS were VBD added VVN to TO a DT machine NN of IN the DT draisine JJ type NN by IN Kirkpatrick NP Macmillan NP of IN Scotland NP . SENT These DT innovations NNS eanabled VVD the DT rider NN to TO propel VV the DT machine NN with IN the DT feet NNS off IN the DT ground NN . SENT The DT driving NN mechanism NN consisted VVN of IN short JJ cranks NNS fixed VVN to TO the DT rear JJ wheel NN hub NN and CC connected VVN by IN rods NNS to TO long JJ levers NNS , , which WDT were VBD hinged VVN to TO the DT frame NN close NN to TO the DT head NN of IN the DT machine NN . SENT The DT connecting VVG rods NNS were VBD joined VVN to TO the DT levers NNS at IN about RB one CD third NN of IN their PP$ length NN from IN the DT pedals NNS . SENT The DT machine NN was VBD propelled VVN by IN a DT downward JJ and CC forward JJ thrust NN of IN the DT foot NN . SENT In IN 1846 CD an DT improved JJ model NN of IN this DT machine NN , , designed VVN by IN a DT Scotsman NN , , acquired VVD the DT name NN dalsell NN and CC was VBD widely RB used VVN in IN England NP . SENT The DT direct JJ precursor NN of IN the DT modern JJ bicycle NN was VBD the DT French JJ crank VV driven VVN , , loose RB pedaled VVN velocipede NN , , which WDT became VVD popular JJ in IN France NP about IN 1855 CD . SENT The DT frame NN and CC wheels NNS were VBD made VVN of IN wood NN . SENT The DT tires NNS were VBD iron NN , , and CC the DT pedals NNS were VBD attached VVN to TO the DT hub NN of IN the DT front NN , , or CC driver NN , , wheel NN , , which WDT was VBD slightly RB higher JJR than IN the DT rear JJ wheel NN . SENT In IN England NP this DT machine NN was VBD known VVN as IN the DT boneshaker NN , , because IN of IN its PP$ effect NN on IN a DT rider NN pedaling VVG over IN a DT rough JJ road NN or CC a DT cobblestoned JJ street NN . SENT In IN 1869 CD in IN England NP , , solid JJ rubber NN tires NNS mounted VVN on IN steel NN rims NNS were VBD introduced VVN in IN a DT new JJ machine NN , , which WDT was VBD the DT first JJ to TO be VB patented VVN under IN the DT modern JJ name NN bicycle NN . SENT In IN 1873 CD Jamse NP Starley NP , , and CC English JJ inventor NN , , produced VVD the DT first JJ machine NN incoporating VVG most JJS of IN the DT features NNS of IN the DT so RB called VVN ordinary JJ , , or CC high JJ wheel NN , , bicycle NN . SENT The DT front NN of IN Starley's NP machine NN wasas NNS much RB as IN three CD times NNS as IN large JJ in IN diameter NN as IN the DT rear JJ wheel NN . SENT The DT modifications NNS and CC improvements NNS of IN the DT next JJ 15 CD years NNS included VVD the DT ball NN bearing NN and CC the DT pneumatic JJ tire NN . SENT These DT inventions NNS , , along RB with IN the DT use NN of IN weldless JJ steel NN tubing NN and CC spring NN seats NNS , , brought VVD the DT ordinary JJ bicycle NN to TO its PP$ highest JJS point NN of IN development NN . SENT The DT excessive JJ vibration NN and CC instability NN of IN the DT high JJ wheel NN bicycle NN , , however RB , , caused VVD inventors NNS to TO turn VV their PP$ attention NN to TO reducing VVG the DT height NN of IN the DT bicycle NN . SENT About IN 1880 CD the DT so RB called VVN safety NN , , or CC low JJ , , machine NN was VBD developed VVN . SENT The DT wheels NNS were VBD of IN nearly RB equal JJ size NN , , and CC the DT pedals NNS , , attached VVN to TO a DT sprocket NN through RB gears VVZ and CC a DT chain NN , , drove VVD the DT rear JJ wheel NN . SENT The DT safety NN bicycle NN was VBD universally RB adopted VVN by IN manufactureres NNS in IN the DT U NP . SENT S NP . SENT The DT improved JJ safety NN machine NN had VHD wheels NNS of IN equal JJ size NN , , hollow JJ steel NN tubing NN , , coaster NN brakes NNS , , adjustable JJ hadlebars NNS , , and CC other JJ improvements NNS . SENT American JJ cyclists NNS increased VVD greatly RB in IN numbers NNS and CC became VVD strong JJ supporters NNS of IN a DT nationwide JJ movement NN for IN improved JJ roads NNS . SENT In IN 1899 CD the DT American JJ production NN of IN about RB 1 CD million CD bicycles NNS a DT year NN was VBD valued VVN at IN more JJR than IN 31 CD million CD . SENT Yet RB by IN 1909 CD , , with IN the DT rise NN of IN the DT motorcycle NN and CC the DT automobile NN , , the DT U NP . SENT S NP . SENT bicycle NN industry NN was VBD nearly RB nonexisten JJR . SENT In IN the DT 1960 CD s PP and CC 70 CD s PP , , as IN air NN pollution NN from IN automobile NN exhaust NN caused VVD great JJ concern NN , , and CC the DT energy NN crisis NN worsened VVD , , the DT popularity NN of IN the DT bicycle NN increased VVD tremendously RB . SENT Some DT areas NNS set VVN up IN bike NN lanes NNS and CC special JJ bike NN paths NNS . SENT An DT emphasis NN on IN physical JJ fitness NN in IN the DT 1970 CD s PP and CC 80 CD s PP added VVD to TO this DT popularity NN , , and CC an DT estimated VVN 82 CD million CD bicycles NNS were VBD in IN use NN in IN the DT U NP . SENT S NP . SENT in IN the DT mid JJ 1980 CD s PP . SENT Most RBS popular JJ was VBD the DT lightweight JJ ten CD speed NN touring NN bike NN , , modeled VVN after IN European JJ racing NN models NNS , , with IN cable NN and CC caliper NN hand NN brakes NNS and CC narrow JJ , , high JJ pressure NN tires NNS . SENT For IN recreation NN , , the DT all DT terrain NN bike NN , , with IN waffle NN tread VV tires NNS and CC a DT heavier JJR frame NN , , was VBD rugged JJ , , safe JJ , , and CC maneuverable JJ . SENT Search NN . SENT Lycos NP Tripod NN Gear NP Factor NP Share NP This NP Page NP Report NP Abuse NN Edit VV your PP$ Site NN Browse VV Sites NP Previous JJ Top NP 100 CD Next JJ