/Users/andrea/_magisterarbeit/korpus/clean/testkorpus/23/file18.html NN ----------------------------------------- : News NP Forums NNS Downloads NP Reviews NNS Consoles VVZ Hardware NN Cheats NNS Hints VVZ Movies NNS Coming VVG Soon RB Featured VVN Articles NNS Developer NN Editorials NNS Giveaways NNS Advertising NP Join VV AVault NP Compare VV Prices NNS About IN Us NP Everything NP You PP Know VVP About IN Video NP Game NP Violence NN Is VBZ WrongA NP stunning JJ Surgeon NP General's NP report NN puts VVZ new JJ doubt NN into IN the DT media NNS violence NN connection NN . SENT Where WRB do VVP we PP go VVP from IN here RB . SENT Written VVN by IN . SENT Bruce NP Rolston NP Published VVN . SENT February NP 27 CD , , 2001 CD Cognitive JJ dissonance NN is VBZ a DT mental JJ state NN produced VVN by IN having VHG two CD contradictory JJ pieces NNS of IN knowledge NN in IN one's JJ brain NN at IN the DT same JJ time NN . SENT If IN you PP as IN a DT gamer JJR are VBP feeling VVG a DT little JJ dissonance NN these DT days NNS , , you're NNS not RB alone RB . SENT February NP was VBD a DT confusing JJ and CC contradictory JJ month NN on IN the DT whole JJ harmfulness NN of IN game NN violence NN issue NN . SENT On IN the DT one CD hand NN , , game NN industry NN executives NNS were VBD revealed VVN to TO be VB working VVG behind IN the DT Oz NP curtain NN to TO curtail VV the DT access NN of IN teenagers NNS to TO violent JJ computer NN and CC console VV entertainments NNS . SENT On IN the DT other JJ , , the DT American NP Office NP of IN the DT Surgeon NP General NP released VVD a DT major JJ report NN telling VVG people NNS that IN violent JJ media NNS aren't VVD really RB that IN big JJ a DT problem NN , , after IN all DT . SENT A DT game NN industry NN watchdog NN group NN told VVD us PP that IN sales NNS clerks NNS were VBD ignoring VVG the DT game NN rating NN system NN . SENT but CC still RB praised VVD the DT industry NN for IN having VHG the DT best JJS entertainment NN rating NN system NN around RB . SENT Those DT who WP follow VVP these DT issues NNS closely RB were VBD left VVN wondering VVG . SENT Overall RB , , did VVD we PP gain NN or CC did VVD we PP lose VVP . SENT Perhaps RB the DT answer NN is VBZ neither RB but CC we PP did VVD take VV a DT few JJ steps NNS forward RB . SENT Forward RB , , that WDT is VBZ , , out RB of IN the DT shadow NN of IN Columbine NN . SENT This DT month's NP Surgeon NP General's NP report NN was VBD only RB the DT latest JJS indirect JJ consequence NN of IN one CD of IN the DT most RBS ghastly JJ episodes NNS of IN school NN violence NN in IN American JJ history NN . SENT the DT April NP 1999 CD shootings NNS at IN Columbine JJ High NP School NP in IN Littleton NP , , Colorado NP . SENT In IN the DT media NNS frenzy NN that WDT immediately RB followed VVD the DT mass JJ murder NN suicides NNS of IN Dylan NP Klebold NP and CC Eric NP Harris NP , , almost RB any DT negative JJ influence NN that WDT could MD have VH impacted VVN on IN the DT killers NNS state NN of IN mind NN would MD be VB seized VVN upon RP by IN a DT press NN and CC public JJ trying VVG to TO understand VV what WP happened VVD . SENT To TO some DT , , the DT pair NN were VBD after IN jocks NNS , , or CC Christians NNS , , or CC maybe RB blacks NNS . SENT They PP were VBD frustrated JJ homosexuals NNS , , Neo NP Nazis NPS commemorating VVG Hitler NP , , or CC perhaps RB Goths NNS honoring VVG Marilyn NP Manson NP . SENT they PP were VBD victims NNS of IN prescription NN drugs NNS , , or CC maybe RB the DT children NNS of IN bad JJ parents NNS . SENT . SENT . SENT and CC , , of IN course NN , , victims NNS of IN a DT violent JJ culture NN , , including VVG the DT computer NN games NNS they PP played VVD . SENT At IN first JJ , , this DT didn't NN seem VVP so RB far RB fetched VVD . SENT Both DT Klebold NP and CC Harris NP were VBD known VVN to TO be VB fans NNS of IN the DT first JJ person NN shooters NNS Doom NP and CC Quake NN . SENT Harris NP was VBD an DT amateur JJ Doom NP level NN maker NN , , as RB well RB . SENT Similar JJ attempts NNS to TO make VV a DT connection NN with IN the DT four CD previous JJ school NN shootings NNS in IN the DT previous JJ year NN and CC a DT half NN had VHD had VHN less JJR evidence NN to TO work VV with IN . SENT A DT lawsuit NN by IN the DT victims NNS families NNS against IN computer NN game NN makers NNS following VVG a DT 1997 CD school NN shooting NN in IN West NP Paducah NP , , Kentucky NP was VBD thrown VVN out RP of IN court NN this DT past JJ April NP . SENT But CC a DT series NN of IN articles NNS for IN Salon NP . SENT com NN by IN investigative JJ reporter NN Dave NP Cullen NP , , who WP has VHZ covered VVN the DT case NN exhaustively RB for IN nearly RB two CD years NNS , , showed VVD that IN the DT preconceptions NNS about IN games NNS playing VVG a DT role NN in IN the DT Columbine JJ violence NN were VBD overstated VVN , , at IN best JJS . SENT Cullen NP points NNS to TO the DT trial NN of IN gun NN dealer NN Mark NP Manes NP , , who WP received VVD a DT six CD year NN sentence NN for IN selling VVG the DT two CD killers NNS a DT firearm NN . SENT During IN that DT trial NN , , prosecutors NNS made VVD the DT case NN that IN it PP was VBD the DT pair's JJ training NN sessions NNS with IN real JJ firearms NNS , , not RB the DT computer NN equivalents NNS , , that IN stoked VVN their PP$ lust NN for IN violence NN . SENT The DT game NN Doom NP was VBD specifically RB cited VVN as IN the DT means NN for IN Harris NP and CC Klebold NP to TO develop VV both CC their PP$ shooting NN skills NNS and CC their PP$ passion NN for IN blood NN , , Cullen NP wrote VVD . SENT But RB . SENT . SENT . SENT prosecutors NNS portrayed VVD the DT practice NN sessions NNS with IN Manes NP and CC co NP accused VVD Phil NP Duran NP as IN the DT breeding VVG ground NN for IN their PP$ enthusiasm NN , , allowing VVG them PP to TO transform VV their PP$ fantasies NNS into IN reality NN . SENT It PP was VBD the DT only RB known VVN time NN they PP trained VVN with IN weapons NNS , , according VVG to TO prosecutors NNS , , and CC their PP$ success NN in IN those DT sessions NNS fed VVD their PP$ thrill NN . SENT It PP was VBD just RB one CD of IN the DT untruths NNS or CC overstatements NNS about IN the DT Columbine JJ tragedy NN Cullen NP would MD uncover VV . SENT The DT records VVZ the DT killers NNS left VVN behind IN showed VVD the DT two CD to TO be VB confused JJ teenagers NNS , , with IN none NN of IN the DT other JJ motives NNS ascribed VVN to TO them PP . SENT The DT killers NNS weren't NN after IN any DT specific JJ group NN , , police NNS would MD find VV they PP appeared VVD to TO hate VV just RB about IN everybody NN . SENT nor CC were VBD they PP gay JJ , , or CC Manson NP fans NNS . SENT They PP never RB wore VVD trenchcoats NNS except IN to TO hide VV their PP$ guns NNS that IN one CD day NN , , and CC they PP likely RB didn't VVD know VV a DT girl NN was VBD a DT born VVN again RB Christian JJ before IN killing VVG her PP . SENT What WP they PP really RB wanted VVD , , police NN investigators NNS concluded VVD , , was VBD to TO become VV infamous JJ , , and CC they PP were VBD simply RB willing JJ to TO kill VV themselves PP and CC a DT lot NN of IN other JJ people NNS to TO do VV it PP . SENT Lead JJ police NN investigator NN Kate NP Battan NP actually RB believes VVZ fame NN was VBD the DT single JJ biggest JJS reason NN Harris NP and CC Klebold NP ultimately RB went VVD through RP with IN the DT plan NN , , Cullen NP wrote VVD shortly RB after IN the DT killings NNS . SENT That's JJ my PP$ personal JJ opinion NN , , she PP Battan NP said VVD . SENT And CC all PDT the DT rest NN of IN the DT justifications NNS are VBP just RB smoke NN . SENT Other JJ key JJ investigators NNS backed VVN that IN assessment NN . SENT One CD of IN the DT killers NNS , , Harris NP , , proudly RB claimed VVD the DT massacre NN to TO come VV as IN a DT personal JJ achievement NN , , refusing VVG to TO share VV any DT of IN the DT credit NN with IN either DT games NNS or CC any DT of IN the DT other JJ supposed JJ negative JJ influences NNS on IN him PP . SENT It's JJ my PP$ fault NN . SENT he PP wrote VVD just RB before IN the DT killings NNS . SENT Not RB my PP$ parents NNS , , not RB my PP$ brothers NNS , , not RB my PP$ friends NNS , , not RB my PP$ favorite JJ bands NNS , , not RB computer NN games NNS , , not RB the DT media NNS , , it's NNS mine VVP . SENT But CC by IN the DT time NN reporters NNS had VHD begun VVN to TO dismantle VV the DT myths NNS that WDT had VHD sprung VVN up RP around IN Columbine NN , , their PP$ political JJ force NN had VHD already RB been VBN felt VVN . SENT In IN Washington NP , , anti JJ violence NN crusader NN Senator NP Joe NP Lieberman NP was VBD saying VVG only RB two CD weeks NNS after IN the DT shootings NNS that IN the DT Littleton NP killings NNS were VBD more JJR evidence NN of IN what WP he PP called VVD the DT mass JJ media's NN culture NN of IN carnage NN . SENT Even RB some DT of IN the DT most RBS reluctant JJ of IN skeptics NNS are VBP beginning VVG to TO focus VV on IN the DT culture NN of IN carnage NN surrounding VVG our PP$ children NNS , , particularly RB the DT hyperviolent JJ movies NNS , , music NN , , and CC video JJ games NNS that WDT have VHP apparently RB mesmerized VVN these DT child NN killers NNS , , he PP told VVD the DT Senate's NP commerce NN committee NN , , chaired VVN by IN Republican NP Senator NP John NP McCain NP . SENT None NN of IN us PP wants VVZ to TO resort VV to TO regulation NN , , but CC if IN the DT entertainment NN industry NN continues VVZ to TO move VV in IN this DT direction NN , , and CC continues VVZ to TO market VV death NN and CC degradation NN to TO our PP$ children NNS , , and CC continues VVZ to TO pay VV no DT heed NN to TO the DT real JJ bloodshed NN staining VVG our PP$ communities NNS , , then RB the DT government NN will MD act VV . SENT At IN the DT time NN , , Lieberman's NP statements NNS almost RB seemed VVD moderate JJ . SENT That DT summer NN of IN 1999 CD saw VVD a DT flurry NN of IN activity NN in IN Congress NP , , with IN the DT House NP of IN Representatives NPS considering VVG no RB less JJR than IN 44 CD amendments NNS on IN cultural JJ issues NNS . SENT Judiciary NP committee NN chairman NN Henry NP Hyde NP was VBD pushing VVG for IN a DT ban NN on IN all DT obscenely RB violent JJ content NN . SENT Another DT bill NN called VVN for IN the DT Federal NP Trade NP Commission NP to TO assume VV responsibility NN for IN the DT rating NN of IN all DT media NNS . SENT Both DT bills NNS were VBD defeated VVN in IN the DT House NP . SENT That IN August NP , , the DT Senate NP judiciary NN committee NN issued VVD a DT brutal JJ report NN homing VVG in IN on IN Hollywood NP and CC the DT computer NN game NN industry NN as IN dark JJ forces NNS behind IN the DT killers NNS of IN American JJ youth NN . SENT If IN there EX was VBD any DT doubt NN about IN the DT significance NN of IN their PP$ role NN , , it PP wasn't VVD apparent JJ . SENT To TO argue VV against IN it PP , , said VVD one CD psychiatric JJ association NN spokesperson NN at IN the DT time NN , , is VBZ like IN arguing VVG against IN gravity NN . SENT President NP Clinton NP also RB weighed VVD in IN with IN his PP$ views NNS shortly RB after IN the DT Littleton NP shootings NNS . SENT In IN an DT online JJ forum NN with IN high JJ school NN students NNS that IN week NN , , he PP questioned VVD whether IN games NNS could MD be VB a DT factor NN . SENT There's RB been VBN a DT lot NN of IN talk NN about IN whether IN the DT Internet NN plus CC having VHG very RB young JJ people NNS play VVP very RB violent JJ video NN games NNS where WRB they PP learn VVP to TO shoot VV people NNS and CC stuff NN , , that IN those DT two CD things NNS have VHP added VVN an DT extra JJ element NN to TO an DT otherwise RB already RB pretty RB violent JJ culture NN . SENT And CC I PP think VVP we're NN going VVG to TO have VH to TO take VV another DT look NN at IN it PP . SENT It PP would MD be VB Clinton NP who WP would MD commission VV two CD separate JJ fact NN finding VVG efforts NNS in IN the DT weeks NNS that WDT followed VVD the DT Colorado NP shootings NNS , , under IN pressure NN from IN Congressional JJ leaders NNS who WP wanted VVD to TO be VB seen VVN to TO be VB doing VVG something NN . SENT Surgeon NP General NP David NP Satcher NP was VBD instructed VVN to TO undertake VV a DT broad JJ look NN at IN the DT causes NNS of IN youth NN violence NN , , while IN the DT Federal NP Trade NP Commission NP was VBD told VVN to TO look VV at IN the DT industries NNS some RB saw VVD as IN the DT culprits NNS . SENT movies NNS , , music NN , , and CC computer NN games NNS . SENT The DT FTC NP would MD come VV back RB first JJ . SENT Its PP$ thorough JJ and CC mostly RB sensible JJ report NN , , calling VVG for IN greater JJR efforts NNS at IN industry NN self NN regulation NN over IN marketing NN practices NNS and CC rejecting VVG government NN involvement NN , , was VBD released VVN last JJ September NP . SENT This DT last JJ month NN , , it PP was VBD Satcher's NP turn NN . SENT Hollywood NP was VBD already RB bracing VVG for IN the DT impact NN . SENT If IN Satcher's NP report NN had VHD been VBN strongly RB negative JJ , , it PP might MD have VH been VBN a DT hammerblow NN to TO the DT mass JJ entertainment NN industries NNS steadfast JJ defence NN of IN their PP$ own JJ freedom NN to TO create VV what WP they PP wanted VVD . SENT Claiming VVG they PP had VHD seen VVN a DT leaked VVN draft NN of IN the DT report NN , , the DT Los NP Angeles NP Times NP stoked VVN expectations NNS by IN saying VVG the DT report NN would MD establish VV that IN games NNS and CC other JJ entertainment NN have VHP an DT important JJ causal JJ role NN in IN crime NN today NN . SENT Repeated JJ exposure NN to TO violent JJ entertainment NN during IN early JJ childhood NN causes VVZ more RBR aggressive JJ behavior NN throughout IN the DT child's JJ life NN , , the DT Times NP paraphrased VVD the DT still RB to TO be VB issued VVN report NN as IN saying VVG . SENT The DT report NN would MD also RB say VV the DT statistical JJ evidence NN on IN the DT connection NN of IN real JJ violence NN to TO media NNS violence NN was VBD as RB strong JJ as IN lung NN cancer's NNS connection NN to TO smoking NN , , the DT newspaper NN added VVD . SENT But CC the DT real JJ Satcher NP report NN released VVN in IN late JJ January NP , , but CC only RB made VVD widely RB available JJ this DT month NN defied VVD all PDT those DT predictions NNS . SENT While IN saying VVG that DT media NNS violence NN was VBD not RB innocuous JJ , , it PP summarized VVD all PDT the DT existing JJ scientific JJ research NN to TO date NN as IN supporting VVG the DT belief NN that IN the DT actual JJ effect NN of IN exposure NN to TO movie NN violence NN on IN long JJ term NN criminal JJ behavior NN was VBD minor JJ , , and CC confined VVN to TO the DT relatively RB young JJ . SENT As RB far RB as IN games NNS went VVD , , there EX was VBD no DT good JJ research NN yet RB , , at IN all DT . SENT Theoretically RB , , the DT influence NN of IN these DT interactive JJ media NNS might MD well RB be VB greater JJR than IN that IN of IN television NN and CC films NNS , , which WDT present VVP a DT passive JJ form NN of IN exposure NN , , but CC there EX are VBP no DT studies NNS to TO date VV of IN the DT effects NNS of IN exposure NN to TO these DT types NNS of IN media NNS violence NN and CC violent JJ behavior NN . SENT Basing VVG their PP$ conclusions NNS solely RB on IN the DT scientific JJ literature NN , , Satcher's NP team NN said VVD they PP simply RB could MD not RB find VV statistically RB significant JJ evidence NN of IN any DT more JJR than IN a DT weak JJ indirect JJ tie NN between IN the DT movies NNS children NNS watched VVD and CC their PP$ behavior NN . SENT Some DT studies NNS suggest VVP that DT long JJ term NN effects NNS exist VVP , , and CC there EX are VBP strong JJ theoretical JJ reasons NNS that IN this DT is VBZ the DT case NN . SENT But CC many JJ questions NNS remain VVP . SENT Parents NNS and CC educators NNS should MD by IN trying VVG to TO help VV children NNS become VV more JJR critical JJ consumers NNS of IN games NNS and CC TV NN , , the DT report NN says VVZ . SENT If IN legislators NNS really RB want VVP to TO help VV , , they PP should MD provide VV proper JJ funding NN for IN the DT research NN needed VVD to TO conclusively RB establish VV the DT media's NNS role NN first RB , , it PP concludes VVZ . SENT About IN Us NP Advertising NP Write VV for IN AVaultCopyright NP 1995 CD 2005 CD NewWorld NP . SENT com NN , , Inc NP All NP Rights NPS ReservedTerms NNS of IN Use NN Privacy NN Statement NN